Because thou hast had a perpetual hatred, a lasting enmity, even from the time of Esau, Genesis 25:22 ff; Genesis 27:37, and hast shed the blood of the children of Israel by the force of the sword in the time of their calamity, literally, "and hast delivered the sons of Israel to the hands of the sword at the time of trouble," in the time that their iniquity had an end, literally, "at the time of the guilt of the end," namely, at the time of the Chaldean conquest of Judah, when the Edomites gave particular evidence of the fact that their hostility was as severe as ever:

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