Nehemiah 1:11

An Appeal That God Will Help Him As He Takes The Dangerous Path Of Approaching The King On Their Behalf (Nehemiah 1:11 b).

We do not know at what stage Nehemiah's concern for his people turned to a recognition that he was in a position to do something about it. But this is what often happens when we pray. God suddenly says, ‘well, why don't you do something about it?' However, such a suggestion would have filled Nehemiah's heart with apprehension. It may seem to us a simple task to lay a petition before the king, but it was far from being so. The appeal could not be made directly. The petitioner had in some way to draw the king's attention to the fact that he had an appeal to make, and then hope that the king was feeling benevolent. If the king was in a bad mood it could result in the petitioner's death. The means of drawing the king's attention was usually by putting on a sad countenance. But it was a dangerous procedure. All courtiers were called on to express happiness in the king's presence, so that anyone who was not expressing happiness was clearly doing it for a purpose. It was because he wanted the king's ear. On the other hand not to be happy in the king's presence without good reason could be seen as derogatory to the king's majesty and could well result in death. The man could be dragged out and summarily executed. Thus Nehemiah sought God's help in the difficult and dangerous task he would undertake.

Nehemiah 1:11

“And prosper, I pray you, your servant this day, and grant him mercy in the sight of this man.”

The day had come when he knew that he must risk all and place his petition before the king. And so he called on God to prosper him on that day, and grant him mercy in the sight of ‘this man'. As God's servant he was casting his future upon God. We can compare the similar situation with Esther in Esther 4:11; Esther 4:6. ‘This man' may well have been an intentional attempt by Nehemiah to remind himself that, however great the king might be, he was in the end only a man, or indeed as an attempt to remind God that Artaxerxes was only a man who was at His disposal. On the other hand it might have been an expression of awe. But such an expression would not have been seen as insulting. The kings of Persia did not give themselves semi-divine status.

Nehemiah 1:11

‘Now I was cupbearer to the king.'

Nehemiah now indicates his own exalted status, and why it was that he had access to the king, and not only access, but access as the king's confidante. It was because he was the king's cupbearer. It was he who would have responsibility for the selection of which wines would be presented before the King, and would himself drink from the king's cup prior to the king partaking, by pouring some into his hand and drinking it. This was as a guard against poisoning. His delicate palate would immediately discern any foreign element. He would also be expected to provide convivial conversation for the king, and tactfully hear whatever the king had to say. He could thus exert considerable influence over the king. The office would often be combined with other important offices. Thus in Tob 1:22 we read of Achiacharus (Ahikar) that he was cupbearer and keeper of the signet, and steward and overseer of the accounts and was next to the king in importance.

It is not necessary to assume that Nehemiah was a eunuch. Many cupbearers were, but many were not, and many who had access to the queen and the royal harem were also not eunuchs. Indeed we have texts which lay out the behaviour expected of them in the royal harem. The fact that his being a eunuch is never mentioned against him by his opponents among the Jews would serve to confirm that he was not so. Otherwise it could have been used in order to diminish his religious status in the eyes of many Jews.

It will be noted that this verse is transitional, and acts as a convenient introduction to what follows, thereby linking his prayer with its fulfilment.