Revelation 4:1-11
1 After this I looked, and, behold, a door was opened in heaven: and the first voice which I heard was as it were of a trumpet talking with me; which said,Come up hither, and I will shew thee things which must be hereafter.
2 And immediately I was in the spirit: and, behold, a throne was set in heaven, and one sat on the throne.
3 And he that sat was to look upon like a jasper and a sardine stone: and there was a rainbow round about the throne, in sight like unto an emerald.
4 And round about the throne were four and twenty seats: and upon the seats I saw four and twenty elders sitting, clothed in white raiment; and they had on their heads crowns of gold.
5 And out of the throne proceeded lightnings and thunderings and voices: and there were seven lamps of fire burning before the throne, which are the seven Spirits of God.
6 And before the throne there was a sea of glass like unto crystal: and in the midst of the throne, and round about the throne, were four beasts full of eyes before and behind.
7 And the first beast was like a lion, and the second beast like a calf, and the third beast had a face as a man, and the fourth beast was like a flying eagle.
8 And the four beasts had each of them six wings about him; and they were full of eyes within: and they resta not day and night, saying, Holy, holy, holy, Lord God Almighty, which was, and is, and is to come.
9 And when those beasts give glory and honour and thanks to him that sat on the throne, who liveth for ever and ever,
10 The four and twenty elders fall down before him that sat on the throne, and worship him that liveth for ever and ever, and cast their crowns before the throne, saying,
11 Thou art worthy, O Lord, to receive glory and honour and power: for thou hast created all things, and for thy pleasure they are and were created.
Revelation 4. The Vision of Heaven. In this chapter the real Apocalypse commences. A door is opened in heaven and the seer sees the throne of God, flashing like jewels, and surrounded by a rainbow. Twenty-four elders sit on thrones, and with four living beasts offer continual praise and worship to God. Much of the imagery is traditional, and derived from similar descriptions of heaven and the Divine majesty in OT; cf. Isaiah 6:1; Ezekiel 12:4; Daniel 7:9 f.
Revelation 4:1. the first voice: that mentioned in Revelation 1:10.
Revelation 4:2. a throne: cf. Ezekiel 1:26; Ezekiel 1:28; Ezekiel 10:1.
Revelation 4:3. was like a jasper stone and a sardius: note the absence of any anthropomorphism. The Divine presence is described as a radiance of jewels. The seer's eye is arrested by the flashing of gem-like colours, but he sees no form (Swete). jasper: cf. Revelation 21:11, a stone most precious. clear as crystal. As this description does not apply to the modern jasper, many scholars think that the reference here is to the opal. sardius: probably our cornelian, a deep red stone. rainbow: from Ezekiel 1:27. Some think that a green stone like the emerald is inappropriate, and suggest that the Greek word used here may refer to the rock-crystal. [But green is appropriate because of its restfulness to the eye, mitigating the dazzling brightness. Bleek aptly recalls Pliny's statement that when the eyes are blinded by any other sight, the emerald restores them. A. S. P.]
Revelation 4:4. four and twenty elders: some scholars think that the number is made up of the twelve Patriarchs and the twelve Apostles, who in their union signified the Church of the OT and the Church of the NT. Others regard them as representing the twenty-four courses of priests. The probability, however, is that they are angels of the highest rank. The evidence of Isaiah 24:23 and of Jewish apocalyptic literature proves that the term elder was often applied to angels (cf. Scott, Cent.B, p. 163).
Revelation 4:6. a glassy sea: the conception of a celestial sea in heaven is found in Jewish literature, e.g. in the Book of the Secrets of Enoch and the Testament of the Twelve Patriarchs. The seer, still looking through the window, sees between himself and the throne a vast surface, which flashes back the light that falls upon it, like the Æ gean when in summer day he looked down upon it from the heights of Patmos. The whole of this paragraph may be regarded as a pictorial expansion of the conception of God dwelling in light unapproachable in 1 Timothy 6:16. four living creatures: cf. Ezekiel 1:5, where the living creatures are identified with the cherubim. See also the account of the seraphim in Isaiah 6. full of eyes: cf. Ezekiel 10:12.
Revelation 4:7. In Ezek. each of the cherubim has four faces (lion, ox, man, eagle), in Rev. the living creatures have only one face each.
Revelation 4:8. six wings:. Holy, holy, holy: a reminiscence of Isaiah 6:2 f. which was, etc.: cf. Revelation 1:8.
Revelation 4:9. The initiative of worship comes from the cherubim; it is at their instance that the other powers join in and take up the strain of praise.
Revelation 4:11. See next note.