Psalms 45:3-4

Psalms 45:3

The three offices of Christ.

Our Lord is here spoken of in two distinct characters as a Teacher: "Full of grace are Thy lips;" and as a Conqueror: "Gird Thee with Thy sword upon Thy thigh," or, in other words, as a Prophet and as a King. His third special office is that of a Priest, in that He offered Himself up to God the Father as a propitiation for our sins.

I. These three offices seem to contain in them and to represent the three principal conditions of mankind: endurance, active life, and thought. Christ undertook them all, suffering that we might know how to suffer, labouring that we might know how to labour, and teaching that we might know how to teach.

II. In these offices Christ also represents to us the Holy Trinity, for in His own proper character He is a Priest; and as to His kingdom, He has it from the Father; and as to His prophetical office, He exercises it by the Spirit. The Father is the King, the Son the Priest, and the Holy Ghost the Prophet.

III. Christ left behind Him a ministerial order, who are His representatives and instruments; and they, though earthen vessels, show forth according to their measure these three characters: the prophetical, the priestly, and the regal. Nay, all His followers in some sense bear all three offices, as Scripture is not slow to declare. Knowledge, power, endurance, are the three privileges of the Christian Church. (1) Each state, each rank in the world, has its particular excellence; but that excellence is solitary. The kingly office has this great defect, that it is all power and no subjection, all doing and no suffering. Christ was not a King without being a Sufferer too, and so in like manner His followers after Him. (2) The soldier comes more nearly than the king to the pattern of Christ. Yet there are great drawbacks here also. (a) There is the carnal weapon. (b) The soldier is but an instrument directed by another. Christ and His ministers are bloodless conquerors. (3) The great philosophers of the world, whose words are so good and so effective, are themselves too often nothing more than words. Who shall warrant for their doing as well as speaking? They are shadows of Christ's prophetical office, but where is the sacerdotal or the regal? Where shall we find in them the nobleness of the king and the self-denial of the priest? Such is the world, but Christ came to make a new world. He came to combine what was dissipated, to recast what was shattered, in Himself. He began all excellence, and of His fulness have all we received.

J. H. Newman, Sermons on Subjects of the Day,p. 52.

References: Psalms 45:6. Expositor,3rd series, vol. v., p. 312.Psalms 45:6; Psalms 45:7. Preacher's Monthly,vol. vi., p. 341.Psalms 45:7. Spurgeon, Sermons,vol. xxii., No. 1273; Ibid., Morning by Morning,p. 150. Psalms 45:7; Psalms 45:8. Ibid., Sermons,vol. ix., No. 498. Psalms 45:8. Ibid., Evening by Evening,p. 46. Psalms 45:9. J. M. Neale, Sermons on Passages of the Psalms,p. 129. Psalms 45:10; Psalms 45:11. G. Brooks, Outlines of Sermons,p. 136.