1 Corinthians 10:1-14. THE EXAMPLE OF ISRAEL A WARNING TO CHRISTIANS. In this chapter the direct argument concerning meats offered to idols is resumed in 1 Corinthians 10:14. The first fourteen verses of this chapter, like chapter 9, are parenthetical. But if we read γάρ we are to understand that th... [ Continue Reading ]
ΓΆΡ אABCDEFG, Vetus Lat. Vulg. Rec. δέ with Peshito. 1. ΟΥ̓ ΘΈΛΩ ΓᾺΡ ὙΜΑ͂Σ�. A characteristic expression of St Paul. Cf. ch. 1 Corinthians 12:1, and Romans 1:13; Romans 11:25; 2 Corinthians 1:8; 1 Thessalonians 4:13. ΓΆΡ. There is a slight difficulty in the sequence of thought here, which has cause... [ Continue Reading ]
ἘΒΑΠΤΊΣΑΝΤΟ. Rec. and Tregelles with B. Tischendorf reads ἐβαπτίσθησαν with אACDEFG. Westcott and Hort put it in the margin. ἐβαπτίσθησαν may have been substituted for text either because it is more common in N. T. or because of the εἰς τὸν Μωϋσῆν which follows. But it is hardly possible to conceive... [ Continue Reading ]
ΠΝΕΥΜΑΤΙΚῸΝ ΒΡΩ͂ΜΑ. The manna (Exodus 16), ‘inasmuch as it was not like common bread, a product of nature, but came as bread from heaven (Psalms 78:24; Wis 16:20; John 6:31), the gift of God, Who, by His Spirit, wrought marvellously for His people.’ Meyer. Cf. also Nehemiah 3:15. And Josephus _Ant._... [ Continue Reading ]
ΠΝΕΥΜΑΤΙΚῸΝ ΠΌΜΑ. This miraculous supply of water, vouchsafed on two occasions (Exodus 17:1-6; Numbers 20:2-11), belonged, like the manna, not to the natural, but to the spiritual order of God’s Providence, which has its necessary points of contact with the lower and more contracted natural order, a... [ Continue Reading ]
ἘΝ ΤΟΙ͂Σ ΠΛΕΊΟΣΙΝ. The point aimed at is, that in spite of their high privileges and great opportunities, the majority of them was destroyed. Cf. Hebrews 3:16. Joshua and Caleb only, Numbers 14:38, were permitted to enter the promised land. See also Numbers 26:64-65. ΚΑΤΕΣΤΡΏΘΗΣΑΝ. Compare our _str... [ Continue Reading ]
ΤΎΠΟΙ. Literally, TYPES OF US. _In figure of us_, Wiclif. τύπος signifies (1) a _mark, stroke_ of any kind, impressed or engraven, ‘_print_,’ John 20:25; (2) an _image, figure_, as in Acts 7:43; (3) an _example, pattern_, Acts 7:44 (where the word is rendered _fashion_), cf. Hebrews 8:5 (though Chry... [ Continue Reading ]
ΕἸΔΩΛΟΛΆΤΡΑΙ. Tyndale characteristically renders ‘_worshippers of images_’ See Exodus 32:6. ΠΑΊΖΕΙΝ. Dancing (see Stanley and Alford _in loc._) was probably included, as it formed part of the worship of the heathen deities. Cf. Horace, ‘Quam nec ferre pedem dedecuit choris … sacro Dianae celebrant... [ Continue Reading ]
ΠΟΡΝΕΎΩΜΕΝ, i.e. the natural result of joining in the impure worship of Ashtaroth, or Astarte, the Syrian Venus. The temple of Aphrodite, on the AcroCorinthus, contained a thousand priestesses devoted to the same licentious worship. See Introduction. The warning in the text was, therefore, by no mea... [ Continue Reading ]
ΚΎΡΙΟΝ אBC. Rec. χριστόν with DEFG, Vetus Lat. Vulg. Peshito. Epiphanius declares that χριστόν was substituted for κύριον by Marcion. But in this case it is remarkable that the ancient Latin translation of Irenaeus should have _Christum_. See the whole passage cited in Iren. _Contr. Haer._, IV. 27.... [ Continue Reading ]
ΓΟΓΓΎΖΕΤΕ. See Exodus 16:2; Exodus 17:3; Numbers 14:2-29; Numbers 16:41. ἈΠΏΛΟΝΤΟ. Observe the aorist here for destruction by one act, as compared with the imperfect ἀπώλλυντο of the destruction of each person severally by the serpents. This has been overlooked by many copyists. See Critical Note.... [ Continue Reading ]
ΤΥΠΙΚΩ͂Σ אABC and probably Vetus Lat. and Vulg. Rec. τύποι with DEFG. Rec. also inserts πάντα before τύποι with C, Vulg. Peshito and some copies of the Vetus Lat. AB, Tertullian and Origen support the text. ΣΥΝΈΒΑΙΝΕΝ אBC. συνέβαινον ADEFG. ΚΑΤΉΝΤΗΚΕΝ אBDFG. Rec. κατήντησεν with AC. 11. ΤΥΠΙΚΩ͂Σ,... [ Continue Reading ]
Ὁ ΔΟΚΩ͂Ν ἙΣΤΆΝΑΙ. A warning against the over-confidence too common among the Corinthians. See chapter 1 throughout; ch. 1 Corinthians 3:18; 1 Corinthians 4:8. It is not sufficient to have been admitted into the Christian covenant; we need watchfulness, in order to use our privileges aright. Cf. Roma... [ Continue Reading ]
ἈΝΘΡΏΠΙΝΟΣ. The word means ADAPTED TO HUMAN CAPACITIES, διὰ τοῦτο� (τὸ δίκαιον) Arist. _Nic. Eth._ 1 Corinthians 10:9, i.e. justice is in accordance with the conditions of human life. A consolation, as the last verse was a warning. These words were intended to meet an objection that it was impossibl... [ Continue Reading ]
ΔΙΌΠΕΡ. A return to the main argument in ch. 8. See ch. 1 Corinthians 8:13.... [ Continue Reading ]
ὩΣ ΦΡΟΝΊΜΟΙΣ ΛΈΓΩ. I SPEAK TO YOU AS TO SENSIBLE MEN, or as Meyer, _to you, as sensible men, I say, Judge ye what I affirm_. Even in the plenitude of his Apostolic authority, he does not forbid the Corinthians the exercise of their reason. They, as well as he, have the unction from above (1 John 2:2... [ Continue Reading ]
THE DANGER OF EATING MEATS SACRIFICED TO IDOLS SHEWN FROM THE EXAMPLE OF SACRIFICIAL FEASTS IN GENERAL... [ Continue Reading ]
ΤῸ ΠΟΤΉΡΙΟΝ ΤΗ͂Σ ΕΥ̓ΛΟΓΊΑΣ. The argument is resumed. First reason against taking part in an idol feast. We communicate together in the Body and Blood of Christ, and we are thereby debarred from communion with any beings alien to Him; a communion into which, by the analogy of all sacrificial rites, w... [ Continue Reading ]
ὍΤΙ ΕἿΣ ἌΡΤΟΣ, ἛΝ ΣΩ͂ΜΑ ΟἹ ΠΟΛΛΟΊ ἘΣΜΕΝ. Either, with R.V., _seeing that we, who are many, are one bread, one body_, or, _because there is one loaf, we, the many, are one body_, i.e. the loaf, in its oneness, is the type of the One Christ, and of His Body it is also the communion or joint participat... [ Continue Reading ]
ΒΛΈΠΕΤΕ ΤῸΝ ἸΣΡΑΉΛ. Second reason (see 1 Corinthians 10:16). As the Christian sacrificial feasts, so are those of the Jews. ΚΑΤᾺ ΣΆΡΚΑ. As distinguished from Christians, who are Israel κατὰ πνεῦμα. See Romans 2:28; Galatians 4:26. ΚΟΙΝΩΝΟῚ ΤΟΥ͂ ΘΥΣΙΑΣΤΗΡΊΟΥ. SHARERS, inasmuch as part of the victim... [ Continue Reading ]
ΕἸΔΩΛΌΘΥΤΟΝ and εἴδωλον are transposed in rec. with Peshito. Text BDE, Vetus Lat. and Vulg. 19. ΤΊ ΟΥ̓͂Ν ΦΗΜΊ; ὍΤΙ ΕἸΔΩΛΌΘΥΤΌΝ ΤΊ ἘΣΤΙΝ; St Paul does not mean to say here, any more than in ch. 1 Corinthians 8:4, that an idol, or the god represented by it, has any real objective existence, or that t... [ Continue Reading ]
ΘΎΟΥΣΙΝ twice אABCDEFG. Compare with last note but two, and observe the irregularity of the grammar. τὰ ἔθνη is omitted by Lachmann and Tischendorf, bracketed by Westcott and Hort, on the testimony of BDEFG. The text, however, is supported by אAC, Vulg. and Peshito. 20. ΔΑΙΜΟΝΊΟΙΣ ΚΑῚ ΟΥ̓ ΘΕΩ͂Ι ΘΎΟΥ... [ Continue Reading ]
ΟΥ̓ ΔΎΝΑΣΘΕ … ΠΊΝΕΙΝ. See note on 1 Corinthians 10:18, and for the nature of heathen sacrifices note on 1 Corinthians 8:1. The cup of daemons was the libation with which the meal commenced. It was the cup of daemons (1) because it was the cup of worship to beings other than God, which He Whose name... [ Continue Reading ]
Ἢ ΠΑΡΑΖΗΛΟΥ͂ΜΕΝ ΤῸΝ ΚΎΡΙΟΝ; i.e. as the Jews had done to their cost. See note on last verse. Cf. also Numbers 14; Deuteronomy 32:21; Psalms 95:8; Hebrews 3:16. The same word is found, with the same translation, in Romans 10:19; Romans 11:11, and in 1 Corinthians 10:14 of that chapter it is translate... [ Continue Reading ]
23. [μοι] is inserted after ΠΆΝΤΑ in each case by rec. with Vulg. Peshito. It is no doubt imported from ch. 1 Corinthians 6:12. μοι is omitted in each case by אABCDE, Vetus Lat. and some early copies of the Vulg. 23–CH. 1 Corinthians 11:1. PRACTICAL DIRECTIONS ON THE SUBJECT OF MEATS OFFERED IN SAC... [ Continue Reading ]
24. [ἕκαστος] after ΤΟΥ͂ ἙΤΈΡΟΥ. Omit אABCDFG Vetus Lat. Vulg. Rec. inserts with E and Peshito. The word is wanted to complete the sentence and has probably been added for that purpose. 24. ΤῸ ΤΟΥ͂ ἙΤΈΡΟΥ. THE BENEFIT OF OTHER PEOPLE. Cf. Romans 15:1-3; Philippians 2:4. The conclusion is moral, not... [ Continue Reading ]
ἘΝ ΜΑΚΈΛΛΩΙ. This and the two following verses are directed against over-scrupulousness. Some Christians were afraid to buy meat in the public market, lest it might have been offered in sacrifice to an idol. See note on ch. 1 Corinthians 8:1. μάκελλος is a Latin word which passed over into Greek and... [ Continue Reading ]
ΤΟΥ͂ ΚΥΡΊΟΥ ΓᾺΡ Ἡ ΓΗ͂. See Psalms 24:1. Cf. Psalms 50:12. It is not the eating of meats that is sinful. ‘An idol is nothing in the world,’ and all creatures are made by God, and are therefore fit for food. (Cf. 1 Timothy 4:4.) But knowingly to countenance idolatrous rites, to give to another the glo... [ Continue Reading ]
ΕἼ ΤΙΣ ΚΑΛΕΙ͂ ὙΜΑ͂Σ ΤΩ͂Ν�, i.e. to a feast in a private house, not in an idol temple. See ch. 1 Corinthians 8:9. To sit at meat in the idol temple was clearly to be a partaker of the ‘table of daemons.’... [ Continue Reading ]
ἹΕΡΌΘΥΤΟΝ. אAB Peshito. Rec. εἰδωλόθυτον with CDEFG Vulg. The latter has the appearance of an accommodation to the feelings of a later age. See note below. [τοῦ γὰρ κυρίου ἡ γῆ καὶ τὸ πλήρωμα αὐτῆς] at end of verse. Omit אABCDEFG Vetus Lat. Vulg. Peshito. 28. ἘᾺΝ ΔΈ ΤΙΣ, i.e. if (1) one of your fel... [ Continue Reading ]
ἙΑΥΤΟΥ͂. For the usual σεαυτοῦ. Winer, _Gr. Gram._ § 22, refers to John 18:34. But B (followed by Westcott and Hort) reads σεαυτοῦ there. Winer gives some instances of this unusual construction from classical authors. ἹΝΑΤΊ ΓΆΡ. The connection is as follows. ‘I don’t say _your_ conscience, but the o... [ Continue Reading ]
ΧΆΡΙΤΙ. In a thankful spirit. ΒΛΑΣΦΗΜΟΥ͂ΜΑΙ. The word means originally to _speak ill of_, to _slander_. So in ch. 1 Corinthians 4:13.... [ Continue Reading ]
ΕἼΤΕ ΟΥ̓͂Ν. The glory of God, _that_ is to be the end of all your actions. In themselves, eating and drinking are things indifferent, but there are circumstances in which they may be matters of the highest importance. In our own day, for instance, the question of using or abstaining from intoxicatin... [ Continue Reading ]
ἈΠΡΌΣΚΟΠΟΙ … ΓΊΝΕΣΘΕ. BE NOT A CAUSE OF STUMBLING. See note on ch. 1 Corinthians 8:9. This verse and the next explain the words, ‘_I am made all things to all men_,’ ch. 1 Corinthians 9:22. ἸΟΥΔΑΊΟΙΣ. This question is dealt with fully in Romans 14, where the question of eating or abstaining from me... [ Continue Reading ]
ΣΎΜΦΟΡΟΝ אABC. συμφέρον rec. with DEFG.... [ Continue Reading ]