ταῦτα ἔγραψα. This is not parallel to ἔγραψα in 1 John 2:14; 1 John 2:21 where there is no ταῦτα. Here the reference must be to the Epistle, or rather to the section about the antichrists (18–25): 1 John 2:14 probably refers in all three sentences to the Gospel: 1 John 2:21 is doubtful, but is best taken in conjunction with this as referring to the paragraph in which it occurs.

τῶν πλανώντων. That lead you astray, i.e. that are endeavouring to do so: see on 1 John 1:8. Thus Satan is called ὁ πλανῶν τὴν οἰκουμένην ὅλην. In both cases the present participle expresses habitual effort, not success. In such cases the participle with the article is almost a substantive, and as such loses all notion of time. Winer, 444.

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Old Testament