1 Timothy 1:1,2
1, 2. SALUTATION... [ Continue Reading ]
1, 2. SALUTATION... [ Continue Reading ]
ἈΠΌΣΤΟΛΟΣ ΧΡΙΣΤΟΥ͂ ἸΗΣΟΥ͂. So אD2GP d f g; but Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ AKL. St Paul’s use as to the order of words in these introductory formulae varies. In _Rom._ (?), 1 _Cor._ (?), _Gal., Tit._, he adopts the order Ἰησ. Χρ., whereas in 2 _Cor., Eph., Phil., Col.,_ 2 _Tim._ he has Χρ. Ἰησ. as here. Before t... [ Continue Reading ]
ΠΑΤΡΌΣ. So א*AD2*Gdfg; πατρὸς ἡμῶν אcD2cKLP. 2. ΤΙΜΟΘΈΩΙ ΓΝΗΣΊΩΙ ΤΈΚΝΩΙ ἘΝ ΠΊΣΤΕΙ. _To Timothy, true child in faith._ Timothy (see Acts 16:1-3) might fitly be so described; ἐν πίστει expresses the sphere of the relationship between him and St Paul (see Titus 3:15). The older man was to him, as we sa... [ Continue Reading ]
ΚΑΘῺΣ ΠΑΡΕΚΆΛΕΣΆ ΣΕ. There is no apodosis here; the sentence is unfinished, and grammatically incoherent. The writer meant to add words like οὕτω καὶ νῦν παρακαλῶ or οὔτω ποίει, but he was carried away by the rapid flow of his thought (see note on 1 Timothy 1:18). Thus the A.V. adds at the end of 1... [ Continue Reading ]
REPETITION OF CHARGE ALREADY GIVEN TO TIMOTHY... [ Continue Reading ]
ἘΚΖΗΤΉΣΕΙΣ. So אA and some cursives; D2GHKLP have ζητήσεις. The compound form, as occurring nowhere again in N.T. or LXX., would readily be corrected into ζητήσεις. Cp. 1 Timothy 6:4; 2 Timothy 2:23; Titus 3:9. ΟἸΚΟΝΟΜΊΑΝ. So אAGHKLP the Bohairic and Armenian versions. The rec. text has οἰκοδομίαν... [ Continue Reading ]
ΤῸ ΔῈ ΤΈΛΟΣ. _But_ (sc. in contrast with the irrelevant teaching of the ἑτεροδιδάσκαλοι) _the aim_, or final cause: cp. Romans 10:4. ΤΗ͂Σ ΠΑΡΑΓΓΕΛΊΑΣ. _Of the charge_. The reference is not to the Mosaic law, but to the whole of the practical teaching bound up with the Gospel; the word is suggested... [ Continue Reading ]
ὯΝ, sc. the three above-mentioned sources of ἀγάπη. ὧν is apparently governed by ἀστοχήσαντες, not by ἐξετράπησαν. ΤΙΝΈΣ. Note the usual vague reference to the false teachers. ἈΣΤΟΧΉΣΑΝΤΕΣ. _Having missed_ (_their aim_). ἀστοχεῖν is only used here and at 1 Timothy 6:21; 2 Timothy 2:18 in N.T. (cp.... [ Continue Reading ]
ΘΈΛΟΝΤΕΣ ΕἾΝΑΙ ΝΟΜΟΔΙΔΆΣΚΑΛΟΙ. _Desiring to be_ (i.e. almost _claiming_ to be) _teachers of the law_, sc. of the Mosaic law. The false teaching had its roots in Judaism, and the intention of its exponents was good; they failed in their aims for the reasons now to be explained. ΜῊ ΝΟΟΥ͂ΝΤΕΣ ΜΉΤΕ Ἃ ΛΈ... [ Continue Reading ]
ΟἼΔΑΜΕΝ ΔῈ Κ.Τ.Λ. _But we know that the law is good, if a man use it lawfully_. For οἴδαμεν δέ cp. Romans 2:2; Romans 3:19; Romans 8:28 and οἴδαμεν ὅτι πάντες γνῶσιν ἔχομεν (1 Corinthians 8:1) ‘we grant that &c.’: the phrase introduces a _concession_. St Paul hastens on to explain that a true νομοδι... [ Continue Reading ]
DIGRESSION TO AVOID MISUNDERSTANDING OF WHAT HAS BEEN JUST SAID... [ Continue Reading ]
ΠΑΤΡΟΛΏΙΑΙΣ ΚΑῚ ΜΗΤΡΟΛΏΙΑΙΣ. This is the spelling of the best MSS.; the rec. text, following the majority of the cursives, has πατραλῴαις, μητραλῴαις. 9. ΕἸΔῺΣ ΤΟΥ͂ΤΟ. This refers to the foregoing τις; the view which must be taken of the law by the teacher who would use it lawfully is now expounded... [ Continue Reading ]
ΠΌΡΝΟΙΣ, ἈΡΣΕΝΟΚΟΊΤΑΙΣ. _Fornicators, sodomites_; the most repulsive forms of the violation of the Seventh Commandment. Cp. 1 Corinthians 6:9. ἈΝΔΡΑΠΟΔΙΣΤΑΙ͂Σ. _Men-stealers_. A man’s most precious possession is _himself_, and the worst form of thieving (condemned in the Eighth Commandment) is that... [ Continue Reading ]
ΚΑΤᾺ ΤῸ ΕΥ̓ΑΓΓΈΛΙΟΝ Κ.Τ.Λ. This seems to be in connexion with the ‘sound doctrine’ of which the Apostle has just spoken; viz. _if there be anything else opposed to the sound doctrine, according to the gospel of the glory &c._ ΤῸ ΕΥ̓ΑΓΓΈΛΙΟΝ ΤΗ͂Σ ΔΌΞΗΣ ΤΟΥ͂ ΜΑΚΑΡΊΟΥ ΘΕΟΥ͂. Cp. the expression τὸ εὐαγγ... [ Continue Reading ]
Before χάριν, the rec. text with D2KL inserts καί, which would be quite in accordance with Pauline usage; it is, however, omitted by אAGP f g. א* and some cursives have ἐνδυναμοῦντι (as in Philippians 4:13); but אcAD2GKLP support ἐνδυναμώσαντι. 12. ΧΆΡΙΝ ἜΧΩ. This formula of thankfulness (instead... [ Continue Reading ]
PARENTHETIC DOXOLOGY These verses are a digression, quite in the manner of St Paul, suggested by the thought of the Divine mercy vouchsafed to him personally. Cf. 1 Corinthians 15:9; Ephesians 3:8.... [ Continue Reading ]
ΤῸΝ ΠΡΌΤΕΡΟΝ is the ‘received’ reading, with D2cKL; אAD2*GP &c. have τὸ πρ. 13. ΤῸ ΠΡΌΤΕΡΟΝ ὌΝΤΑ. _Although I was aforetime_. Cp. Galatians 4:13 for the significance of τὸ πρότερον. ΒΛΆΣΦΗΜΟΝ ΚΑῚ ΔΙΏΚΤΗΝ ΚΑῚ ὙΒΡΙΣΤΉΝ. The βλάσφημος displays his hostility to the truth chiefly in _words_ (see Acts 24... [ Continue Reading ]
ὙΠΕΡΕΠΛΕΌΝΑΣΕΝ. A rare word, not found elsewhere in N.T. or in the LXX.; it occurs in the _Psalms of Solomon_, 1 Timothy 5:19, and in Hermas, _Mand_. 1 Timothy 1:2. St Paul shews a marked inclination in all four groups of his letters for verbs compounded with ὑπέρ, e.g. ὑπεραυξάνω (2 Thessalonians 1... [ Continue Reading ]
ΠΙΣΤὈΣ Ὁ͂ ΛΌΓΟΣ. This remarkable formula is peculiar to the Pastorals. Here and in 1 Timothy 4:9 the words καὶ πάσης� are added; in 1 Timothy 3:1; 2 Timothy 2:11, and Titus 3:8 we have the simple form πιστὸς ὁ λόγος. In 1 Timothy 3:1 it introduces a saying which may well have become proverbial at th... [ Continue Reading ]
ἸΗΣΟΥ͂Σ ΧΡΙΣΤΌΣ. So אKLP with the Syriac and Egyptian versions; Westcott and Hort follow AD2 and the Latin Versions in reading Χριστὸς Ἰησοῦς (which occurs six times in the preceding verses of the chapter) giving Ἰησ. Χρ. a place in their margin. ἍΠΑΣΑΝ with אAG &c. is preferable to πᾶσαν of D2KLP... [ Continue Reading ]
ΜΌΝΩΙ ΘΕΩ͂Ι. So א*AD2*G and nearly all versions. אcD2bcKLP and the Peshito add σοφῷ after μόνῳ; but this (the reading of rec. text) is probably a corruption introduced from Romans 16:27. See Jude 1:25 for a similar variation. 17. We have here a characteristic breaking out into a doxology. A complete... [ Continue Reading ]
ΣΤΡΑΤΕΎΣΗΙ. So א*D2*; but στρατεύῃ (the reading of the rec. text) is supported by אcAD2cGKLP &c., and is preferred by Westcott and Hort. 18. ΤΑὙΤΗΝ ΤῊΝ ΠΑΡΑΓΓΕΛΊΑΝ. If the interval of 15 verses were not so long, it would be natural to take this as the apodosis of καθὼς παρεκάλεσά σε of 1 Timothy 1:3... [ Continue Reading ]
18, 19. THE CHARGE TO TIMOTHY REITERATED... [ Continue Reading ]
ἜΧΩΝ ΠΊΣΤΙΝ ΚΑῚ�. Cp. 1 Timothy 1:5, where _faith_ and _a ‘good conscience_’ are named as sources of that _love_ which is the τέλος τῆς παραγγελίας. ἬΝ ΤΙΝΕΣ�. _Which_ [sc. the good conscience] _some having thrust from them_. The verb is expressive of a wilful and violent act. For τινες see on 1 Ti... [ Continue Reading ]
EXAMPLES OF ‘SHIPWRECKS OF FAITH’ 20. ΥΜΈΝΑΙΟΣ. This is doubtless the same Hymenæus who is mentioned as a heretical teacher in 2 Timothy 2:17. ἈΛΈΞΑΝΔΡΟΣ. An Alexander is mentioned three times in connexion with Ephesus: (i.) here; (ii.) an Alexander was put forward as their spokesman by the Jews on... [ Continue Reading ]