James 3:4

ἰδού, in later Greek little more than a vivid particle of transition.

ὑπό, generally used of personal agency: ch. James 1:14 is hardly an exception to this. Comp. 1 Corinthians 6:12 ἀλλʼ οὐκ ἐγὼ ἐξουσιασθήσομαι ὑπότινος. Colossians 2:18 εἰκῇ φυσιούμενος ὑπὸ τοῦ νοὸς τῆς σαρκὸς αὐτοῦ.

μετάγεται. Singular according to the rule where the subject is regarded as a class: contrast with this ch. James 2:19 τὰ δαιμόνια πιστεύουσιν καὶ φρίσσουσιν, where τὰ δαιμόνια are regarded as separate personal agencies.

ὁρμή, voluntas O.L., impetus dirigentis V., impulse, will, desire of the steersman. In N.T. only here and Acts 14:5, where it probably bears the same meaning: see Page on that passage.