ἑώρακα. I have seen, in joyous contrast to ‘I knew Him not,’ John 1:31; John 1:33. See on John 1:18. The perfects indicate that the results of the seeing and of the testimony remain: comp. John 1:51; John 3:21; John 3:26; John 3:29.

μεμαρτύρηκα. have borne witness. Our translators have obscured S. John’s frequent use of μαρτυρεῖν, as of μένειν, by capriciously varying the rendering. This is all the more regrettable, because these words serve to connect together the Gospel, the First Epistle, and the Apocalypse. Μαρτυρεῖν is translated ‘bear witness,’ John 1:7; John 1:18; John 1:15; John 3:26; John 3:28; John 5:31-33; John 5:36-37; John 8:18; John 10:25; John 15:27; John 18:23; 1 John 1:2; 1 John 5:6; ‘bear record,’ John 1:32; John 1:34; John 8:13-14; John 12:17; John 19:35; 1 John 5:7; Revelation 1:2; ‘give record,’ 1 John 5:10; ‘testify,’ John 2:25; John 3:11; John 3:32; John 4:39; John 4:44; John 5:39; John 7:7; John 13:21; John 15:26; John 21:24; 1 John 4:14; 1 John 5:9; Revelation 22:16; Revelation 22:18; Revelation 22:20 : in John 15:26-27 the translation is changed in the same sentence. Μαρτυρία is rendered ‘witness,’ John 1:7; John 3:11; John 5:31-33; John 5:36; 1 John 5:9-10; Revelation 20:4; ‘record,’ John 1:19; John 8:13-14; John 19:35; John 21:24; 1 John 5:10-11; ‘testimony,’ John 3:32-33; John 5:34; John 8:17; Revelation 1:2; Revelation 1:9; Revelation 6:9; Revelation 11:7; Revelation 12:11; Revelation 12:17; Revelation 19:10 : in 1 John 5:10 we have two different renderings in the same verse. Neither μαρτύριον nor μάρτυς, found in all three Synoptists, occurs in this Gospel.

ὁ υἱὸς τοῦ θεοῦ. The incarnate Λόγος, the Messiah (John 1:18). These words of the Baptist confirm the account of the voice from heaven (Matthew 3:17). The whole passage (John 1:32-34) shews that S. John does not, as Philo does, identify the Logos with the Spirit.

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Old Testament