ἸΗΣΟΥ͂ ΧΡΙΣΤΟΥ͂ ΔΟΥ͂ΛΟΣ. So in James 1:1 (where θεοῦ καί is prefixed): the word is also in 2 Peter 1:1 δ. καὶ�. Χ. ἈΔΕΛΦῸΣ ΔῈ ἸΑΚΏΒΟΥ. Jude was a “brother of the Lord” but does not say so, perhaps from motives of humility. The person he mentions is, there can be little doubt, James the first bishop... [ Continue Reading ]
ἈΓΑΠΗΤΟΊ recurs in 17, 20 and often in 2 Peter. It is also frequent in 1 John, but there a great many other forms of address are used as well. ΠΑ͂ΣΑΝ ΣΠΟΥΔῊΝ ΠΟΙΟΎΜΕΝΟΣ ΓΡΆΦΕΙΝ … ἈΝΆΓΚΗΝ ἜΣΧΟΝ ΓΡΆΨΑΙ. Distinguish between the use of the present tense in the first clause and that of the aorist in the... [ Continue Reading ]
ΠΑΡΕΙΣΕΔΎΗΣΑΝ Κ.Τ.Λ. It is here that the parallelism with 2 Peter begins most obviously. To comment upon the matter common to the two Epistles would be to repeat the notes on 2 Peter. I shall therefore only call attention to selected points. ΠΡΟΓΕΓΡΑΜΜΈΝΟΙ. Not “predestinated” but predicted by Enoc... [ Continue Reading ]
Jude’s first example of sin and punishment is not used in 2 Peter, probably because it seemed too vague and obscure. It is indeed somewhat difficult. The general sense is like that of the passage 1 Corinthians 10:1-11. In that we are reminded how Israel was delivered, and nourished in the wilderness... [ Continue Reading ]
On the source see Introd. p. xlvii.... [ Continue Reading ]
ὍΜΟΙΟΝ ΤΟΎΤΟΙΣ, i.e. the false teachers.... [ Continue Reading ]
ΜΈΝΤΟΙ, however, “in spite of these warnings” (Mayor). ἘΝΥΠΝΙΑΖΌΜΕΝΟΙ. This probably refers to the pretended revelations of the false teachers, who laid claim to a special inspiration. Cf. Deuteronomy 13:1. In what follows, Jude sums up their conduct: they are of loose life, and rebellious against... [ Continue Reading ]
For the matter see Introd. p. xli. ΚΡΊΣΙΝ ΒΛΑΣΦΗΜΊΑΣ = βλάσφημον κρίσιν 2 Peter 2:11 (cf. James 1:25 ἀκροατὴς ἐπιλησμονῆς) not “an accusation of blasphemy,” but cf. Field _ad loc_.... [ Continue Reading ]
Corresponds to 2 Peter 2:12 but in that place is differently turned. Here φυσικῶς means by instinct: and it is said of the false teachers that they come to ruin (φθείρονται) by means of the knowledge—and that a contemptible sort of knowledge—which they possess, while they speak evil of what they do... [ Continue Reading ]
Of the three examples of sin punished which Jude uses 2 Peter only adopts one, Balaam. Cain is perhaps chosen as an instance of one who defied the simplest and most obvious laws of God by murder, or else as having consulted only his own natural instincts in choosing an offering for God. Balaam is ch... [ Continue Reading ]
ΟὟΤΟΊ ΕἸΣΙΝ recurs again in Jude 1:16; Jude 1:19. As Dr Chase has remarked, it is a favourite phrase in Apocalyptic writings. The seer is shown something and asks what it is? his guide—usually an angel—introduces his explanation by these or like words, cf. Zech. (Jude 1:10 etc.), Revelation 7:14, am... [ Continue Reading ]
ΚΎΜΑΤΑ κ.τ.λ. Cf. Isaiah 57:20. “The wicked are like the troubled sea when it cannot rest, whose waters cast up mire and dirt” (Mayor). ἘΠΑΦΡΊΖΟΝΤΑ, casting up their own shame, exposing it, as the sea casts up refuse on the beach. Moschus _Idyll._ Jude 1:5 (ἀ δὲ θάλασσα κυρτὸν ἐπαφρίζῃ) is the only... [ Continue Reading ]
On the quotation from _Enoch_ see Introd. p. xlvi.... [ Continue Reading ]
Largely from the _Assumption of Moses:_ see Introd. pp. xliv, xlv.... [ Continue Reading ]
We find several examples in N.T. (e.g. Acts 20:29; 1 Timothy 4:1; Joshua 3:1 etc.) of predictions of false teaching and wickedness in the Christian body, but not of mockers, as here. Jude need not be referring to a written document, but to a spoken warning often uttered (ἔλεγον) by the Apostles. But... [ Continue Reading ]
ἈΠΟΔΙΟΡΊΖΟΝΤΕΣ, making distinction, saying “stand aside, touch me not: I am holier than thou.” In the Introd. p. xlv I suggest that this again is an allusion to the _Assumption of Moses_. The false teachers would claim possession of special knowledge in divine things. ΨΥΧΙΚΟΊ, sensual. 1 Corinthian... [ Continue Reading ]
ἘΠΟΙΚΟΔΟΜΟΥ͂ΝΤΕΣ … ΠΊΣΤΕΙ. Polycarp’s letter to the Philippians (iii. 2) seems to contain a reminiscence of this (Bigg and Mayor). “If you study the epistles of the blessed Apostle Paul, δυνηθήσεσθε οἰκοδομεῖσθαι εἰς τὴν δοθεῖσαν ὑμῖν πίστιν.” St Paul often uses the metaphor of building, notably in... [ Continue Reading ]
ΠΡΟΣΔΕΧΌΜΕΝΟΙ ΤῸ ἜΛΕΟΣ as Symeon in Luke 2:25. Cf. Titus 2:13 προσδεχόμενοι τὴν μακαρίαν ἐλπίδα κ.τ.λ.... [ Continue Reading ]
ΟὛΣ ΜῈΝ ἐλέγχετε ΔΙΑΚΡΙΝΟΜΈΝΟΥΣ. A. V. reads διακρινόμενοι and translates “making a difference” which is only correct as a rendering of διακρίνοντες. διακρινόμενος in James 1:6 means “wavering, doubting,” and this gives a good sense here. “Some you must convince when they are wavering.” The alternat... [ Continue Reading ]
22, 23. He abruptly returns to the thought of the false teachers suggested perhaps by the words ἑαυτοὺς τηρήσατε, “keep yourselves.” “And what about your relation to others? what is your duty to them?” I have discussed the reading in Introd. pp. lvi, lvii, and prefer that which gives _three_ clause... [ Continue Reading ]
ΟὛΣ ΔῈ ἘΛΕΑ͂ΤΕ ἘΝ ΦΌΒΩΙ, ΜΙΣΟΥ͂ΝΤΕΣ κ.τ.λ. In the reference to the garment there may be again a recollection of Zechariah 3, where the High Priest is clad in filthy garments. The threefold division marks a growth of danger. The first class of those who have come under the influence of the false tea... [ Continue Reading ]
24, 25. The beautiful ending of the Epistle grows naturally out of the preceding words. The thought of the fate that attends those who have gone astray leads to a prayer that the faithful may be preserved in their faith. Compare the opening words with Romans 16:25. ἈΠΤΑΊΣΤΟΥΣ only here in N.T., but... [ Continue Reading ]
ΜΌΝΩΙ ΘΕΩ͂Ι ΣΩΤΗ͂ΡΙ ἩΜΩ͂Ν, cf. τὸν μόνον δεσπότην Jude 1:4; Romans 16:27. Θεὸς σωτὴρ occurs in the _Magnificat_ Luke 1:47 and in 1 Timothy 1:1; 1 Timothy 2:3; 1 Timothy 4:10. μόνῳ perhaps emphasized because false teachers held that the God of the Jews, the Creator, was distinct from the true God. ΔΙ... [ Continue Reading ]