Cambridge Greek Testament Commentary

Jude 1:13

κύματα κ.τ.λ. Cf. Isaiah 57:20. “The wicked are like the troubled sea when it cannot rest, whose waters cast up mire and dirt” (Mayor).

ἐπαφρίζοντα, casting up their own shame, exposing it, as the sea casts up refuse on the beach. Moschus Idyll. Jude 1:5 (ἀ δὲ θάλασσα κυρτὸν ἐπαφρίζῃ) is the only author quoted for the rare verb.

ἀστέρες πλανῆται, on this see Introd. p. xlvii.

οἶς ὁ ζόφος κ.τ.λ. Notice that these words are applied in 2 Peter with far less appropriateness to the waterless springs and driven clouds.

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Cambridge Greek Testament Commentary

Jude 1:13

Old Testament

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