Luke 22:1-2. APPROACH OF THE PASSOVER. THE PURPOSE OF THE PRIESTS In this narrative of the Last Supper, Passion, Trial, and Crucifixion the chief points peculiar to St Luke are in Luke 22:8; Luke 22:15; Luke 22:24; Luke 22:28-30; Luke 22:43-44; Luke 22:61; Luke 23:2;... [ Continue Reading ]
ἬΓΓΙΖΕΝ. ‘Was drawing near.’ Ἡ ΛΕΓΟΜΈΝΗ ΠΆΣΧΑ. This little explanation shews that St Luke is writing mainly for Gentiles. _Strictly_ speaking the Passover was _not_ co-extensive with the Feast of Unleavened Bread, as is clearly stated in Numbers 28:16-17; Leviticus 23:5-6. Passover is the translati... [ Continue Reading ]
ἘΖΉΤΟΥΝ. ‘Were seeking.’ The word involves a continuous effort, and probably includes the memorable meeting in the Palace of Caiaphas, which is traditionally placed on the ‘Hill of Evil Counsel,’ but was probably close to the Temple precincts. They seem to have come on that occasion, in consequence... [ Continue Reading ]
ΕἸΣΗ͂ΛΘΕΝ ΔῈ ΣΑΤΑΝΑ͂Σ ΕἸΣ ἸΟΎΔΑΝ. No other expression seems adequately to explain his wickedness. It began in avarice, disappointment, and jealousy; and, when he had long weakened his soul by indulgence in these dark, besetting sins, the imaginary loss of the “300 pence” of which he would have had t... [ Continue Reading ]
THE TRAITOR AND THE PRIESTS... [ Continue Reading ]
4. C followed by La[372] adds καὶ τοῖς γραμματεῦσι. [372] La. Lachmann. 4. ἈΠΕΛΘΏΝ. We infer from the combined accounts that he met the priests on two occasions, on one of which the bargain was proposed, and on the other concluded. ΣΥΝΕΛΆΛΗΣΕΝ. ‘Spoke with.’ ΣΤΡΑΤΗΓΟΙ͂Σ. Literally, “_generals_;”... [ Continue Reading ]
ἘΧΆΡΗΣΑΝ. This spontaneous offer—and that too from one of Christ’s immediate followers—seemed to solve all their difficulties. ΣΥΝΈΘΕΝΤΟ. ‘Agreed’; in St Mark, ‘_promised_.’ In Matthew 26:15 it is said that they ‘paid’ or ‘weighed’ him the money, with a reference to Zechariah 11:12-13 (LXX[379]). T... [ Continue Reading ]
ἘΞΩΜΟΛΌΓΗΣΕΝ. ‘He consented.’ The aor. and imperfect imply that he _at once accepted_ their terms and _began to look out_ for an opportunity to fulfil his bargain. ἘΖΉΤΕΙ ΕΥ̓ΚΑΙΡΊΑΝ. Doubtless he was baffled at first by the entire and unexpected seclusion which Jesus observed on the Wednesday and T... [ Continue Reading ]
Ἡ ἩΜΈΡΑ ΤΩ͂Ν�. All leaven was most carefully and scrupulously put away on the afternoon of Thursday, Nisan 13. ΘΎΕΣΘΑΙ. ‘Be sacrificed.’ EXCURSUS V. ON Luke 22:7 WAS THE LAST SUPPER AN ACTUAL PASSOVER? The question whether, before the institution of the Lord’s Supper, our Lord and His Disciple... [ Continue Reading ]
PREPARATION FOR THE PASSOVER... [ Continue Reading ]
ἈΠΈΣΤΕΙΛΕΝ. Apparently our Lord, now withdrawn from His active work, said nothing about the Passover till the disciples questioned Him as to His wishes. The old law that the Paschal Lamb must be chosen ten days beforehand had long fallen into desuetude. Its observance would have been impossible for... [ Continue Reading ]
ἌΝΘΡΩΠΟΣ ΚΕΡΆΜΙΟΝ ὝΔΑΤΟΣ ΒΑΣΤΆΖΩΝ. A very unusual sight in the East, where the water is drawn by women. He must probably have been the slave of one who was an open or secret disciple; unless we have here a reference to the Jewish custom of the master of a house himself drawing the water with which t... [ Continue Reading ]
ΤΩ͂Ι ΟἸΚΟΔΕΣΠΌΤΗΙ. See on Luke 12:39. ΤΗ͂Σ ΟἸΚΊΑΣ. The addition is pleonastic, but shews that the notion of οἰκοδεσπότης was simply that of ‘owner.’ Comp. Acts 7:48, οἰκοδομεῖν οἶκον _aedificare domum_. John 12:13, τὰ βαΐα τῶν φοινίκων, ‘the _palm-branches_ of the _palms_.’ Such expressions are ver... [ Continue Reading ]
ἈΝΆΓΑΙΟΝ. The Attic form of the word is ἀνώγεων. This large room under the roof is the usual place of resort for large gatherings in a Jewish house; probably the very room which also witnessed the appearance of the Risen Christ to the Twelve, and the Descent of the Holy Ghost at Pentecost. ἘΣΤΡΩΜΈΝ... [ Continue Reading ]
ΟἹ�. The δώδεκα is omitted by אBD _Edd._ 14. Ἡ ὭΡΑ. If the meal was intended to be directly Paschal, this would be “between the two evenings” (Exodus 12:6); a phrase interpreted by the Jews to mean between three and six, and by the Samaritans to mean between twilight and sunset. Probably Jesus and... [ Continue Reading ]
THE LAST SUPPER... [ Continue Reading ]
ἘΠΙΘΥΜΊΑΙ ἘΠΕΘΎΜΗΣΑ. I earnestly desired. A Hebraism. Matthew 13:14; John 3:29; Acts 4:17; Acts 5:28, &c. Winer, p. 584. ΤΟΥ͂ΤΟ ΤῸ ΠΆΣΧΑ ΦΑΓΕΙ͂Ν. The expression may perhaps point to the fact that _this_ was not the actual Jewish Paschal meal, but one which was intended to supersede it by a Passover... [ Continue Reading ]
[ΟΥ̓ΚΈΤΙ] ΟΥ̓ ΜῊ ΦΆΓΩ ΑΥ̓ΤΌ. ‘I will not eat it.’ The “not any more” however is a correct gloss. ἝΩΣ ὍΤΟΥ ΠΛΗΡΩΘΗ͂Ι Κ.Τ.Λ. i.e. until the true Passover has been offered by my death, and so the new kingdom established.... [ Continue Reading ]
ΠΟΤΉΡΙΟΝ. So אBCL Ti[373] W.H[374] &c. τὸ ποτ. AD La[375] [373] Ti. Tischendorf. [374] W.H. Westcott and Hort. [375] La. Lachmann. 17. ΔΕΞΆΜΕΝΟΣ ΠΟΤΉΡΙΟΝ ΕΥ̓ΧΑΡΙΣΤΉΣΑΣ. Literally, “_and after receiving a cup, and giving thanks_.” From εὐχαριστεῖν comes our word _Eucharist_. The word δεξάμενος (dif... [ Continue Reading ]
ΟΥ̓ ΜῊ … ἈΠῸ ΤΟΥ͂ ΝΥ͂Ν. It is not certain from these words that our Lord _declined_ to drink of the Passover wine; and that He partook of it seems to be implied in the ἀπ' ἄρτι of Matthew 26:29. ἈΠῸ ΤΟΥ͂ ΓΕΝΉΜΑΤΟΣ ΤΗ͂Σ�. This is perhaps a reference to the Jewish benediction pronounced over the firs... [ Continue Reading ]
19, 20. These verses after διδόμενον are omitted in D, and some versions substitute 17, 18 for them.... [ Continue Reading ]
ΛΑΒῺΝ ἌΡΤΟΝ. The account in St Luke closely agrees with that given by St Paul (1 Corinthians 11:23-26), which he ‘received from the Lord.’ ΤΟΥ͂ΤΌ ἘΣΤΙΝ ΤῸ ΣΩ͂ΜΆ ΜΟΥ. Comp. “I am the door,” John 10:7. “That rock _was_ Christ,” 1 Corinthians 10:4. “The bread which we break, is it not the communion of... [ Continue Reading ]
Ἡ ΚΑΙΝῊ ΔΙΑΘΉΚΗ. Hence the name of the New Testament. The word διαθήκη (Heb. _Berîth_) means both a will, and an agreement or covenant, see Jeremiah 31:31. “It contains all the _absolute_ elements of the one, with the _conditional_ elements of the other. Hence the New Testament (καινὴ διαθήκη) is th... [ Continue Reading ]
Ἡ ΧΕῚΡ ΤΟΥ͂ ΠΑΡΑΔΙΔΌΝΤΟΣ ΜΕ. For fuller details of this last awful warning to Judas, see Matthew 26:21-25; Mark 14:18-21; John 13:21-26. Whether Judas actually partook of the Holy Communion has always been uncertain. Bengel quotes the language of St Ambrose to Theodosius, “Will you hold forth those... [ Continue Reading ]
ΚΑΤᾺ ΤῸ ὩΡΙΣΜΈΝΟΝ. Acts 2:23; Acts 4:27-28; Revelation 13:8. The type of Judas was Ahithophel, Psalms 41:9.... [ Continue Reading ]
ΣΥΝΖΗΤΕΙ͂Ν ΠΡῸΣ ἙΑΥΤΟΎΣ. The pathetic details are given by St John. It is characteristic of their noble, simple, loving natures that they seem to have had no suspicions of Judas. ΤῸ ΤΊΣ ἌΡΑ ΕἼΗ. ‘The (question) who it could possibly be.’ See note on Luke 15:26; Luke 18:36. ΤΟΥ͂ΤΟ. I.e. τὸ παραδιδό... [ Continue Reading ]
ΦΙΛΟΝΕΙΚΊΑ. ‘An ambitious contention,’ occurs here only. It is probable that this dispute arose while they were taking their places at the couches (τρικλίνια), and may possibly have been occasioned by some claim made by Judas for official precedence. He seems to have reclined on the left of our Lord... [ Continue Reading ]
ΕΥ̓ΕΡΓΈΤΑΙ ΚΑΛΟΥ͂ΝΤΑΙ. εὐεργέται—a name often inscribed on coins. Comp. εὐεργέτην�, Herod. VIII. 85. How worthless and hollow the title was the disciples knew from the instances of Ptolemy Euergetes and other Syrian tyrants. Onias had been more deserving of the name, 2Ma 4:2.... [ Continue Reading ]
ὙΜΕΙ͂Σ ΔῈ ΟΥ̓ΧΟ ὝΤΩΣ. Understand ἐστέ. _Your_ case is different. St Peter learnt this lesson well. See 1 Peter 5:3. ΓΙΝΈΣΘΩ. ‘Let him become,’—let him shew himself to be. ὩΣ Ὁ ΝΕΏΤΕΡΟΣ. Who in Eastern families fulfils menial duties. Acts 5:6. ὩΣ Ὁ ΔΙΑΚΟΝΩ͂Ν. The true Euergetes is the humble brothe... [ Continue Reading ]
ἘΝ ΤΟΙ͂Σ ΠΕΙΡΑΣΜΟΙ͂Σ ΜΟΥ. See on Luke 4:13.... [ Continue Reading ]
ΔΙΑΤΊΘΕΜΑΙ ὙΜΙ͂Ν … ΒΑΣΙΛΕΊΑΝ. _I ordain for you (dispono) a kingdom_; not ‘I bequeath.’ See Luke 12:32; 2 Timothy 2:12. διατίθεμαι is ‘I appoint by way of bequest,’ Psalms 81:4 (LXX[381]). [381] LXX. Septuagint.... [ Continue Reading ]
ΚΑΘΉΣΕΣΘΕ. The reading καθίσησθε is probably a grammatical correction to avoid the solecism of the final ἵνα with a fut. indic. But the verb is independent of the ἵνα. 30. ΚΑΘΉΣΕΣΘΕ. This promise becomes more emphatic, by being stated separately, and not made dependent on ἵνα. See note on Luke 20:1... [ Continue Reading ]
ΣΊΜΩΝ ΣΊΜΩΝ. The repetition of the name gave combined solemnity and tenderness to the appeal (Luke 10:41). Comp. Acts 9:4. ἘΞΗΙΤΉΣΑΤΟ ὙΜΑ͂Σ. ‘Satan demanded you,’ or ‘gained you by asking;’ _all of_ you, ‘not content with Judas,’ Luke 22:3. Bengel. ΤΟΥ͂ ΣΙΝΙΆΣΑΙ. The word σινιάσαι, from σίνιον, a s... [ Continue Reading ]
ἘΔΕΉΘΗΝ ΠΕΡῚ ΣΟΥ͂. ‘I made supplication concerning thee,’ shewing that Peter, the most confident, was at that moment the most imperilled, though Jesus had prayed for them all (John 17:9; John 17:11). ΜῊ ἘΚΛΊΠΗΙ. The aor. points to this special crisis. Some MSS. read ἐκλείπῃ which would imply a _con... [ Continue Reading ]
ΜΕΤᾺ ΣΟΥ͂ ἝΤΟΙΜΌΣ ΕἸΜΙ. ‘With Thee I am ready,’ &c. The order is emphatic. ‘If only Thou be with me I am prepared for the very worst.’ ΚΑῚ ΕἸΣ ΦΥΛΑΚῊΝ ΚΑῚ ΕἸΣ ΘΆΝΑΤΟΝ. ‘Even into prison, even into death.’ This ‘flaring enthusiasm’ is always to be suspected of weakness. Proverbs 28:26; 1 Corinthians... [ Continue Reading ]
ΜῊ ΕἸΔΈΝΑΙ ΜΕ. אBDL, &c. read με εἰδέναι�. The first was omitted as superfluous or confused with the following με. 34. ΠΈΤΡΕ. The only occasion on which Jesus is recorded to have used to him the name He gave. It is used to remind him of his _strength_ as well as his weakness. ΟΥ̓ ΦΩΝΉΣΕΙ ΣΉΜΕΡΟΝ�.... [ Continue Reading ]
ἌΤΕΡ ΒΑΛΛΑΝΤΊΟΥ Κ.Τ.Λ. See Luke 9:3; Luke 10:4.... [ Continue Reading ]
ἈΛΛᾺ ΝΥ͂Ν. This was an intimation of their totally changed relation to the world. There was no spontaneous hospitality, no peaceful acceptance, no honoured security, to be looked for now. Ὁ ΜῊ ἜΧΩΝ. ‘He that hath not’ (either purse or scrip to buy a sword with), ‘let him,’ &c. Of course the express... [ Continue Reading ]
ΜΕΤᾺ�. Isaiah 53:12. Hence the sword could not be for _His_ defence, as they carelessly assumed. ΚΑῚ ΓΆΡ. ‘For indeed.’ ΤΈΛΟΣ ἜΧΕΙ. The end, or fulfilment, was drawing near; it would come on the following day (τετέλεσται, John 19:30).... [ Continue Reading ]
ΜΆΧΑΙΡΑΙ … ΔΎΟ. It was a last instance of the stolid literalism by which they had so often vexed our Lord (Matthew 16:6-12). As though He could have been thinking of two miserable swords, such as poor Galilaean pilgrims took to defend themselves from wild beasts or robbers; and as though two would b... [ Continue Reading ]
THE AGONY IN THE GARDEN... [ Continue Reading ]
ἘΞΕΛΘΏΝ. St Luke here omits all the touching incidents which St John alone records—the discourses so “rarely mixed of sadness and joys, and studded with mysteries as with emeralds;” Peter’s question, “Lord, whither goest thou?”; the melancholy remark of Thomas about the way; Philip’s “Lord, shew us... [ Continue Reading ]
ΕἾΠΕΝ ΑΥ̓ΤΟΙ͂Σ. First He left eight of them to sleep under the trees while He withdrew with Peter and James and John, whom He told to watch and pray.... [ Continue Reading ]
ἈΠΕΣΠΆΣΘΗ. Vulg[382] _avulsus est._ Literally, “_He was torn away_,” or ‘He tore Himself away’ (comp. Luke 21:1), shewing the reluctance with which He parted from this support of loving sympathy under the imperious necessity of passing through His darkest hour alone. Perhaps He withdrew deeper into... [ Continue Reading ]
ΕἸ ΒΟΎΛΕΙ. _Aposiopesis_. Sacrifice of His own will was the principle of His whole life of suffering obedience, John 5:30; John 6:38. ΠΑΡΈΝΕΓΚΕ. So BD, Vulg[383] It[384] &c. If παρενεγκεῖν be read with the Rec[385] or παρενέγκαι with א we must suppose that as in Luke 19:42 “sorrow has suppressed th... [ Continue Reading ]
ὬΦΘΗ ΔῈ ΑΥ̓ΤΩ͂Ι ἌΓΓΕΛΟΣ. As after His temptation, Matthew 4:11. This and the next verse are omitted in AB, and by the first corrector of א; and Jerome and Hilary say that they were omitted in “very many” Greek and Latin MSS. They are not found in the Itala or Peshito.... [ Continue Reading ]
43, 44. These verses are omitted in AB Sab. and some cursives, and in some MSS. are obelised and marked with asterisks. Their occasional omission is noticed as early as Epiphanius, Hilary, and Jerome.... [ Continue Reading ]
ἘΝ�. Comp. 2Ma 3:16-17. The word which occurs here only in the N.T.—though we often have the verb ἀγωνίζομαι—means intense struggle and pressure of spirit, which the other Evangelists also describe in the strong words ἀδημονεῖν (Matthew 26:37) and ἐκθαμβεῖσθαι (Mark 14:33). It was an awful anguish o... [ Continue Reading ]
ΚΟΙΜΩΜΈΝΟΥΣ … ἈΠῸ ΤΗ͂Σ ΛΎΠΗΣ. Psalms 69:20. The last two words give rather the cause than the excuse. They are analogous to “the spirit indeed is willing, but the flesh is weak” of Matthew 26:41. St Luke here abbreviates the fuller records given in Matthew 26; Mark 14, from which we find that Jesus... [ Continue Reading ]
ΤΊ ΚΑΘΕΎΔΕΤΕ; Matthew 26:40; Mark 14:37. The _second_ time He does not seem to have spoken to them. The third time He knew that it was too late. The object of their watching had now ceased, for He heard the tramp of men in the distance, and saw the glare of their torches; and therefore it was with a... [ Continue Reading ]
ὌΧΛΟΣ. Composed of Levitical guards under their ‘general;’ a Roman chiliarch (‘tribune’), with some soldiers, part of a maniple or cohort (σπεῖρα) from the Fort of Antonia (John 18:12); and some priests and elders. ΕἿΣ ΤΩ͂Ν ΔΏΔΕΚΑ. Comp. Luke 22:3. It seems as if in narrating the scene the Evangeli... [ Continue Reading ]
THE TRAITOR’S KISS. THE ARREST. MALCHUS... [ Continue Reading ]
ΦΙΛΉΜΑΤΙ. He exclaimed ‘Rabbi, Rabbi, hail’ (‘Peace to thee, Rabbi’), Mark 14:45; but received no ‘Peace to thee’ in reply. Overacting his part, he not only kissed His Lord (ἐφίλησεν), but kissed Him fervently (κατεφίλησεν, _deosculatus est_).... [ Continue Reading ]
ΟἹ ΠΕΡῚ ΑΥ̓ΤΌΝ. Specially Peter, but the Synoptists suppress his name from obviously prudential reasons which no longer existed when St John wrote. ΕἸ ΠΑΤΆΞΟΜΕΝ ἘΝ ΜΑΧΑΊΡΗΙ. On εἰ with the future in a dubious question see Winer pp. 348, 639. Ionic forms like μαχαίρῃ are common in Hellenistic Greek,... [ Continue Reading ]
ΤΟΥ͂�. Malchus. St John, writing long after the event, is the first Evangelist who felt at liberty to mention the names of Peter and Malchus. ΤῸ ΔΕΞΙΌΝ. A specific touch not found in the other Evangelists. All three use the diminutive—if the readings can be relied on. (ὠτίον, Matthew 26:51; ὠτάριον... [ Continue Reading ]
ἘΑ͂ΤΕ ἝΩΣ ΤΟΎΤΟΥ. The meaning is uncertain. If addressed to the disciples it meant, _Let them even bind and lead me away_. Possibly however it was addressed to the captors, and meant, _Excuse thus much resistance_; or ‘Allow me liberty thus far’—free my arms a moment that I may heal this wounded man... [ Continue Reading ]
ΠΡῸΣ ΤΟῪΣ ΠΑΡΑΓΕΝΟΜΈΝΟΥΣ ἘΠ' ΑΥ̓ΤῸΝ�. The expression shews that these venerable persons had kept safely in the background till all possible danger was over. It is evident that the whole band dreaded some exertion of miraculous power. ἘΠῚ ΛΗΙΣΤΉΝ. _Against a brigand or robber_. Am I one of the _Sica... [ Continue Reading ]
ΑὝΤΗ ἘΣΤῚΝ ὙΜΩ͂Ν Ἡ ὭΡΑ. A reproach to them for their base, illegal, midnight secrecy. St Luke omits the incident of the young man with the σινδὼν cast round his naked body, Mark 14:51-52. Ἡ ἘΞΟΥΣΊΑ ΤΟΥ͂ ΣΚΌΤΟΥΣ. ‘_The authority_’ (or rather, here, _the licence_) ‘of darkness.’—On this bad sense of... [ Continue Reading ]
PETER’S DENIAL... [ Continue Reading ]
ΣΥΛΛΑΒΌΝΤΕΣ ΔῈ ΑΥ̓ΤΌΝ. The word implies violence. ἬΓΑΓΟΝ. With His hands bound, probably behind His back, John 18:12. ΕἸΣ ΤῊΝ ΟἸΚΊΑΝ ΤΟΥ͂�. The actual High Priest was Joseph Caiaphas (another form of Kephas), son-in-law of Annas (see on Luke 3:2). The trial of our Lord by the Jews was in three phas... [ Continue Reading ]
ΠΥ͂Ρ. The spring nights at Jerusalem, which is 2610 feet above the level of the sea, are often cold. ΤΗ͂Σ ΑΥ̓ΛΗ͂Σ. ‘Of the court.’ ΣΥΝΚΑΘΙΣΆΝΤΩΝ ἘΚΆΘΗΤΟ … ΜΈΣΟΣ ΑΥ̓ΤΩ͂Ν. ‘_When they sat down together, Peter sat midmost among them_,’ i.e. among the servants of the High Priest. He sat in the middle... [ Continue Reading ]
ΠΑΙΔΊΣΚΗ ΤΙΣ. Apparently the portress (John 18:17) who had been meanwhile relieved, and who, after a fixed gaze, recognized Peter as the man whom she had admitted. She therefore exclaimed, “This fellow _too_ (as well as John) was with Him.” The reports of the Evangelists differ, but each faithfully... [ Continue Reading ]
ΟΥ̓Κ ΟἾΔΑ ΑΥ̓ΤΌΝ, ΓΎΝΑΙ. ‘_I do not know Him, woman_,’ ‘nor do I understand what you mean,’ Mark 14:68. Peter—who has been described as ὁμαλῶς�, or ‘consistently inconsistent’—shewed just the same kind of weakness many years later. Galatians 2:12-13.... [ Continue Reading ]
ΜΕΤᾺ ΒΡΑΧΎ. The trial before the Sacerdotal Committee naturally took some time, and they were awaiting the result. ἝΤΕΡΟΣ. After his first denial “before them all” (Matthew 26:70) he probably hoped to shake off this dangerous curiosity; and, perhaps as his guilt was brought more home to him by the f... [ Continue Reading ]
ὩΣΕῚ ὭΡΑΣ ΜΙΑ͂Σ. To St Peter it must have been one of the most terrible hours of his life. ἌΛΛΟΣ ΤΙΣ. Here again the main charge was prominently made by _one_—a kinsman of Malchus, who had seen Peter in the garden, and was known to St John from his acquaintance with the High Priest’s household (Joh... [ Continue Reading ]
ΟΥ̓Κ ΟἾΔΑ Ὃ ΛΈΓΕΙΣ. St Luke drops a veil over the ‘cursing and swearing’ which accompanied this last denial (Matthew 26:74). ἈΛΈΚΤΩΡ. ‘A cock.’ It crew for the second time. Minute critics have imagined that they found a ‘difficulty’ here because the Talmud says that cocks and hens, from their scrat... [ Continue Reading ]
ΣΤΡΑΦΕῚΣ … ἘΝΈΒΛΕΨΕΝ. St Luke alone preserves this most touching incident. Jesus must have looked on His erring Apostle either from the chamber in which He was being tried, if it was one of those chambers with open front (called in the East _muck ’ad_); or else at the moment when the trial was over,... [ Continue Reading ]
ἘΞΕΛΘΏΝ. Into the night, but “to meet the morning dawn.” ἜΚΛΑΥΣΕΝ. Not only ἐδάκρυσεν, ‘shed tears,’ but ἔκλαυσεν, ‘wept aloud;’ and, as St Mark says (Mark 14:72), ἔκλαιεν, ‘he _continued_ weeping.’ It was more than a mere burst of tears. ΠΙΚΡΩ͂Σ. St Mark says ἐπιβαλών, which _may_ mean, ‘when he... [ Continue Reading ]
THE FIRST DERISION Hanan had simply tried to entangle Jesus by insidious questions. The course of the trial before Caiaphas was different. The Priests on that occasion “sought false witness,” but their false witnesses contradicted each other in their attempt to prove that He had threatened to destr... [ Continue Reading ]
ΔΈΡΟΝΤΕΣ. No less than five forms of beating are referred to by the Evangelists in describing this pathetic scene—δέροντες here (a general term); ἔτυπτον, ‘they kept smiting;’ παίσας in the next verse, implying violence; ἐκολάφισαν, ‘slapped with the open palm,’ Matthew 26:67; ἐῤῥάπισαν, ‘smote with... [ Continue Reading ]
ἜΤΥΠΤΟΝ ΑΥ̓ΤΟΥ͂ ΤῸ ΠΡΌΣΩΠΟΝ ΚΑΊ. These words are omitted by אBKL, &c. 64. ΠΕΡΙΚΑΛΎΨΑΝΤΕΣ ΑΥ̓ΤΌΝ. Probably by throwing an _abba_ over his head and face. Mark 14:65. The Talmud says that the False Messiah, Bar Cochba, was similarly insulted.... [ Continue Reading ]
ΒΛΑΣΦΗΜΟΥ͂ΝΤΕΣ. This term now bears a different meaning. Here it merely means ‘_reviling Him_,’ as in Matthew 27:39.... [ Continue Reading ]
ὩΣ ἘΓΈΝΕΤΟ ἩΜΈΡΑ. The Oral Law decided that the Sanhedrin could only meet by daylight. Sanhedrin 9. 1. ΤῸ ΠΡΕΣΒΥΤΈΡΙΟΝ. Literally, “_the presbytery_ of the people,” as in Acts 22:5. ΠΡΕΣΒΥΤΈΡΙΟΝ … ἈΡΧΙΕΡΕΙ͂Σ … ΓΡΑΜΜΑΤΕΙ͂Σ. See Mark 15:1. The three constituent parts of the Sanhedrin, 1Ma 14:28. The... [ Continue Reading ]
THE THIRD JEWISH TRIAL... [ Continue Reading ]
ΟΥ̓ ΜῊ ΠΙΣΤΕΎΣΗΤΕ. As they had shewn already. John 8:59; John 10:31.... [ Continue Reading ]
68. The words μοί, ἢ� at the end of the verse are omitted by אBL Ti[376] W.H[377] &c. [376] Ti. Tischendorf. [377] W.H. Westcott and Hort. 68. ΟΥ̓ ΜῊ�. This is our Lord’s protest against the illegal violence of the whole proceedings.... [ Continue Reading ]
ἈΠῸ ΤΟΥ͂ ΝΥ͂Ν ΔῈ ἜΣΤΑΙ Ὁ ΥἹῸΣ ΤΟΥ͂�. ‘But from henceforth (comp. Luke 1:48; Luke 5:10) shall the Son of man be seated at.’ (Vulg[388] _erit sedens_.) Our Lord seems at last to have broken His silence in these words, in order to end a miserable and useless scene. The words would at once recall Psalms... [ Continue Reading ]
ὙΜΕΙ͂Σ ΛΈΓΕΤΕ, ὍΤΙ ἘΓΏ ΕἸΜΙ. A Hebrew formula (_attem amartem_). “Your words verify themselves.” See some striking remarks in De Quincey, _Works_, III. 304. But the formula like “Thou sayest” in John 18:37 seems also to have been meant to waive further discussion. See p. 385.... [ Continue Reading ]
ΤΊ ἜΤΙ ἜΧΟΜΕΝ ΜΑΡΤΥΡΊΑΣ ΧΡΕΊΑΝ; Caiaphas had made the same appeal to the audience at the night trial. Van Oosterzee mentions that at the trial of the Reformer Farel, the Genevan Priests addressed him in these very words, and he replied, “Speak the words of God, and not those of Caiaphas.”—This trial... [ Continue Reading ]