ΒΑΘΈΩΣ אABCD. It is not an adverb, but the Alexandrine form of βαθέος the gen. of βαθύς. [ΚΑΊ ΤΙΝΕΣ ΣῪΝ ΑΥ̓ΤΑΙ͂Σ.] Omitted in אBL, Copt. Aeth. Vulg[413] It[414] &c. [413] Vulg. Vulgate. [414] It. Old Latin Version (Itala). 1. ὌΡΘΡΟΥ ΒΑΘΈΩΣ. Literally, ‘at deep dawn,’ i.e. at the earliest morning t... [ Continue Reading ]
ΤῸΝ ΛΊΘΟΝ�. On their way they had considered how they should get over this difficulty, since the stone was “very great” (Mark 16:3). From St Mark’s expression, “looking up,” we infer that the tomb was slightly elevated; and from St John’s “lifted” (ἠρμένον) that the first aperture of the tomb was ho... [ Continue Reading ]
VISION OF ANGELS TO THE WOMEN. PETER VISITS THE TOMB... [ Continue Reading ]
ΟΥ̓Χ ΕΥ̓͂ΡΟΝ ΤῸ ΣΩ͂ΜΑ. Even advanced sceptics admit this circumstance as _indisputable_, nor has one of them been able to invent the most remotely plausible explanation of the fact by natural causes. For the white-robed angel or angels in the tomb, see Mark 16:5; John 20:11-12. On the mention, omiss... [ Continue Reading ]
ἘΝ ΤΩ͂Ι�. ‘_While they were utterly at a loss_.’ ἈΣΤΡΑΠΤΟΎΣΗΙ. Literally, ‘_flashing as with lightning_,’ which recalls the expression of Matthew 28:3; comp. Luke 9:29; Luke 17:24. 4. To the Disciples on the way to Emmaus. Luke 24:13-35; Mark 16:12-13.... [ Continue Reading ]
ΤῸΝ ΖΩ͂ΝΤΑ. Comp. Acts 1:11. The expression ‘_the living_’ is probably used on the lips of the angels with something of its true mystic depth. John 1:4; John 5:26; John 11:25; John 20:31. 5. To ten Apostles and others. Luke 24:36-49; John 20:19-23; Mark 16:14.... [ Continue Reading ]
ἜΤΙ ὪΝ ἘΝ ΤΗ͂Ι ΓΑΛΙΛΑΊΑΙ. St Luke, evidently with intention, here introduces a remarkable variation from the traditional words (Matthew 28:7; Mark 16:7). 6. To the Eleven Apostles. The incredulity of Thomas removed. John 20:26-29.... [ Continue Reading ]
7. To seven Apostles at the Lake of Galilee. John 21:1-24.... [ Continue Reading ]
8. To five hundred on a hill of Galilee. Matthew 28:16-20; Mark 16:15-18; 1 Corinthians 15:6.... [ Continue Reading ]
ὙΠΟΣΤΡΈΨΑΣΑΙ. Comp. Matthew 28:8. From John 20:2 we infer that Mary of Magdala had, in the first instance, run from the sepulchre to tell Peter and John of the removal of the stone, and had therefore not seen the first vision of angels. The apparent contradiction in Mark 16:8 obviously means that th... [ Continue Reading ]
ΚΑῚ ΑἹ ΛΟΙΠΑΊ. ‘_And the rest_.’ See Luke 8:2-3. 10. Before the Ascension. Luke 24:50-51; Acts 1:6-9. Since more Appearances of the Risen Christ than those here narrated were well known to St Paul (1 Corinthians 15:5-7), it may be regarded as certain that they were known also to St Luke. If he here... [ Continue Reading ]
ἘΝΏΠΙΟΝ ΑΥ̓ΤΩ͂Ν. The frequency of the Hellenistic preposition ἐνώπιον is due to the Hebrew לִפְנֵי. It occurs 36 times in this Gospel and the Acts, but neither in St Matthew nor St Mark; and St John only uses it once (Luke 20:30). ΛΗ͂ΡΟΣ. ‘_Dotage_’ (Rhemish version). The strong word used implies m... [ Continue Reading ]
12. Omitted in D. 12. Ὁ ΔῈ ΠΈΤΡΟΣ. For the fuller details see John 20:2-9. The ‘but’ implies his readiness to believe. The presence of John, though omitted here, is implied in Luke 24:24. The verse is probably genuine, though omitted in D. ὈΘΌΝΙΑ. A very general term, and perhaps including the lin... [ Continue Reading ]
ἙΞΉΚΟΝΤΑ. א reads ἑκατὸν καὶ ἑξήκοντα. See note. 13. ΔΎΟ ἘΞ ΑΥ̓ΤΩ͂Ν. See Mark 16:12-13. It is expressly implied in Luke 24:33 that they were not Apostles. One was Cleopas (an abbreviation of Cleopatros), of whom we know nothing, for the _name_ is not the same as Clopas (= Alphaeus or Chalpai, John... [ Continue Reading ]
THE DISCIPLES AT EMMAUS... [ Continue Reading ]
ΑΥ̓ΤῸΣ ἸΗΣΟΥ͂Σ ἘΓΓΊΣΑΣ. A beautiful illustration of the promise in Matthew 18:20.... [ Continue Reading ]
ΤΟΥ͂ ΜῊ ἘΠΙΓΝΩ͂ΝΑΙ. ‘_That they should not recognise Him_.’ There are two other instances of the same remarkable fact. Mary of Magdala did not recognise Him (John 20:14), nor the disciples on the Lake (John 21:4). The same thing is evidently implied in Luke 24:37 and in Matthew 28:17; and it exactly... [ Continue Reading ]
ΚΑῚ ἘΣΤΆΘΗΣΑΝ ΣΚΥΘΡΩΠΟΊ. אB. 17. ἈΝΤΙΒΆΛΛΕΤΕ. Literally, “_cast to and fro_.” Compare “_discussed a doubt, and tossed it to and fro_.” Tennyson. ΣΚΥΘΡΩΠΟΊ. Matthew 6:16. The true reading seems to be ‘and they stood still’ (ἐστάθησαν, אAB, and some ancient versions; ἔστησαν, L), ‘looking sad.’ They... [ Continue Reading ]
ΚΛΕΌΠΑΣ. See on Luke 24:13. The mention of so obscure a name proves that the story is not an invention. _Pii non sua sed aliorum causa memorantur_. Bengel. ΣῪ ΜΌΝΟΣ ΠΑΡΟΙΚΕΙ͂Σ ἹΕΡΟΥΣΑΛΉΜ; ‘Dost thou live alone as a stranger in Jerusalem?’ art thou some lonely sojourner in Jerusalem, come from a dis... [ Continue Reading ]
ΔΣ ἘΓΈΝΕΤΟ. Not “which was,” A. V[417] but ‘_who proved Himself_.’ [417] A. V. Authorised Version. ΔΥΝΑΤῸΣ ἘΝ ἜΡΓΩΙ ΚΑῚ ΛΌΓΩΙ. See Acts 2:22.... [ Continue Reading ]
ἨΛΠΊΖΟΜΕΝ. ‘_Our hope was_.’ This would imply that now their hope was dimmed, if not quenched. This perhaps led to the reading ‘_we trust_’ (ἐλπίζομεν) in א and some inferior MSS., which Alford calls a “_correction for decorum_.” ΛΥΤΡΟΥ͂ΣΘΑΙ. The _form_ of the expected redemption is explained in Ac... [ Continue Reading ]
ὈΡΘΡΙΝΑΊ. ‘_At the dawn_.’ The idiom by which a circumstance of time or place is expressed by an adjective is quite classical; comp. σκοταῖος ἦλθεν, δαῖτα τένοντο δειελινοί, Aeneas se _matutinus_ agebat, &c. So in English poets we find “the _nightly_ hunter,” “_evening_ sheep,” &c. See my _Brief Gre... [ Continue Reading ]
ΟἻ ΛΈΓΟΥΣΙΝ. ‘_Which say_’ (not ‘said’ as in A. V[418]). This mention of a sort of double hearsay (‘women _saying_—of angels who _say_’) shews the extreme hesitation which appears throughout the narrative. [418] A. V. Authorised Version.... [ Continue Reading ]
ΑΥ̓ΤῸΝ ΔῈ ΟΥ̓Κ ΕἾΔΟΝ. This phrase most naturally and tenderly expresses their incredulity and sorrow. It also shews how impossible is the sceptical theory that the Disciples were misled by hallucinations. “_Les hallucinés_,” says Bersier, “parlent _en hallucinés_;” but against any blind enthusiasm w... [ Continue Reading ]
Ὦ�. The expression “fools” in the A. V[419] is much too strong. It is not ἄφρονες (see Luke 11:40), but ἀνόητοι, ‘foolish,’ ‘unintelligent.’ (Galatians 3:1) [419] A. V. Authorised Version.... [ Continue Reading ]
ΟΥ̓ΧῚ … ἜΔΕΙ ΠΑΘΕΙ͂Ν ΤῸΝ ΧΡΙΣΤΌΝ; ‘_Behoved it not the Messiah to suffer_?’ It was a divine necessity, Matthew 26:54; John 12:24; John 12:32; John 11:49-52; Acts 17:3; 1 Peter 1:10-11. Thus St Luke mainly dwells on the Resurrection as a spiritual necessity; St Mark as a great fact; St Matthew as a g... [ Continue Reading ]
ἈΠῸ ΜΩΫΣΈΩΣ. The promise to Eve (Genesis 3:15); the promise to Abraham (Genesis 22:18); the Paschal Lamb (Exodus 12); the Scapegoat (Leviticus 16:1-34); the brazen serpent (Numbers 21:9); the greater Prophet (Deuteronomy 18:15); the star and sceptre (Numbers 24:17); the smitten rock (Numbers 20:1 [ Continue Reading ]
ΠΡΟΣΕΠΟΙΉΣΑΤΟ. It is of course implied that He would have gone further, but for the strong pressure of their entreaty. Comp. Mark 6:48. We learn from these passages how needful it is to win Christ’s Presence by praying for it.... [ Continue Reading ]
ΠΑΡΕΒΙΆΣΑΝΤΟ. Acts 16:15. ΜΕΙ͂ΝΟΝ ΜΕΘ' ἩΜΩ͂Ν. It is this beautiful verse which has furnished the idea of Lyte’s dying hymn, ‘Abide with me, fast falls the eventide.’ ΤΟΥ͂ ΜΕΙ͂ΝΑΙ. Comp. Hebrews 13:2, “thereby some have entertained angels unawares.”... [ Continue Reading ]
ΤῸΝ ἌΡΤΟΝ. ‘_The loaf_.’ Comp. Luke 22:19. Our Lord seems, by a kind of natural authority, to have assumed the position of host; which shews that they were at an inn. By one of the melancholy perversions of Scripture in the interests of mistaken dogma and practice, this passage is applied to defend... [ Continue Reading ]
ἌΦΑΝΤΟΣ ἘΓΈΝΕΤΟ. See on Luke 24:16. ἄφαντος is a poetic word for the Attic prose word ἀφανής. It does not occur in the LXX[421], Apocrypha, or elsewhere in the N. T. [421] LXX. Septuagint.... [ Continue Reading ]
ΟΥ̓ΧῚ Ἡ ΚΑΡΔΊΑ ἩΜΩ͂Ν ΚΑΙΟΜΈΝΗ ἮΝ; The expanded imperfect. Comp. Luke 21:24 ἔσται πατουμένη, Luke 23:51 ἦν συγκατατεθειμένος, Acts 8:28 ἦν ὑποστρέφων, Mark 13:25 ἔσονται ἐκπίπτοντες, &c. The metaphor is common, “The heart may _burn_ without a sigh.” Byron. ὩΣ ἘΛΆΛΕΙ ἩΜΙ͂Ν. “Never man spake like this... [ Continue Reading ]
ὙΠΈΣΤΡΕΨΑΝ. “They fear no longer the night journey from which they had dissuaded their unknown companion.” Bengel.... [ Continue Reading ]
ΣΊΜΩΝΙ. The same appearance, to Simon alone, is mentioned in 1 Corinthians 15:5, but there is not even a tradition as to the details. (The passage in 1 Corinthians 15:4-8 is the earliest written allusion to the facts of the Resurrection.)... [ Continue Reading ]
ἘΞΗΓΟΥ͂ΝΤΟ. ‘_They narrated_.’ The word occurs four times in the Acts and in John 1:18. ἘΝ ΤΗ͂Ι ΚΛΆΣΕΙ ΤΟΥ͂ ἌΡΤΟΥ. ‘In the breaking of the bread.’ The articles are important as giving to the act a sacramental character. It has been objected that Cleopas and his companion, not being Apostles, had not... [ Continue Reading ]
ἜΣΤΗ ἘΝ ΜΈΣΩΙ ΑΥ̓ΤΩ͂Ν. The words imply a sudden appearance. The Eleven, with the exception of Thomas the Twin, were sitting at supper with the doors closed through their fear of the Jews (John 20:19). This is one of the most remarkable appearances of the Risen Christ. His intercourse with them on th... [ Continue Reading ]
APPEARANCE OF JESUS TO THE APOSTLES... [ Continue Reading ]
ΠΤΟΗΘΈΝΤΕΣ. Literally, ‘_being scared_.’ ΠΝΕΥ͂ΜΑ ΘΕΩΡΕΙ͂Ν. ‘That they were gazing on a spirit.’ See Luke 24:16.... [ Continue Reading ]
ΔΙΑΛΟΓΙΣΜΟΊ. ‘Reasonings.’... [ Continue Reading ]
ΨΗΛΑΦΉΣΑΤΈ ΜΕ. “Which we have looked upon and _our hands have handled_ (ἐψηλάφησαν) of the Word of Life,” 1 John 1:1; comp. John 20:20; John 20:27. For other uses of the word see Acts 17:27; Hebrews 12:18. ΣΆΡΚΑ ΚΑῚ ὈΣΤΈΑ. “I am not a bodiless spirit” are words attributed to Him in Ignatius (_ad Smy... [ Continue Reading ]
ΚΑῚ ΤΟῪΣ ΠΌΔΑΣ. Which must therefore have been _pierced_, and not merely _tied_ to the Cross.... [ Continue Reading ]
ἈΠΙΣΤΟΎΝΤΩΝ … ἈΠῸ ΤΗ͂Σ ΧΑΡΑ͂Σ. One of the psychological touches of which St Luke is fond, and profoundly true to nature (comp. Liv. xxxix. 49, _Vix sibimet ipsi prae necopinato gaudio credentes_). ΤΙ ΒΡΏΣΜΙΟΝ. ‘Anything to eat;’ see on Luke 3:11; Luke 8:55.... [ Continue Reading ]
[ΚΑῚ�.] Omitted by אABDL, and as quoted by many Fathers. 42. ἸΧΘΎΟΣ ὈΠΤΟΥ͂. A meal of fish at Jerusalem might surprise us, if we did not learn from the Talmud that it was regularly supplied from the inexhaustible stores of the Lake of Gennesareth (_Life of Christ_, I. 142).... [ Continue Reading ]
ἜΦΑΓΕΝ. This was one of the ‘infallible proofs’ appealed to in Acts 1:3; comp. John 21:12-13; “who did eat and drink with Him after He rose from the dead,” Acts 10:41. The importance of this proof in the eyes of the Apostles may also be inferred from Tob 12:19, where the Angel says “All those days I... [ Continue Reading ]
ΟὟΤΟΙ ΟἹ ΛΌΓΟΙ, i.e. this is the meaning of the words. ΟὛΣ ἘΛΆΛΗΣΑ. Luke 18:31; Matthew 16:21. ἜΤΙ ὪΝ ΣῪΝ ὙΜΙ͂Ν. Important as shewing that the forty days between the Resurrection and the Ascension were not _intended_ to be a continuous sojourn with the disciples, or an integral portion of the Lord... [ Continue Reading ]
ΔΙΉΝΟΙΞΕΝ. Spiritual things can only be spiritually discerned, 1 Corinthians 2:10-13. On this most important truth see Matthew 11:27; Matthew 13:11; Matthew 16:17; John 16:13; Acts 16:14. “Open Thou mine eyes, that I may behold wondrous things out of Thy law,” Psalms 119:18. ΤΟΥ͂ ΣΥΝΙΈΝΑΙ ΤᾺΣ ΓΡΑΦΆΣ... [ Continue Reading ]
ΟὝΤΩΣ ΓΈΓΡΑΠΤΑΙ Κ.Τ.Λ. ‘_Thus it is written that the Christ should suffer_.’ אBCDL.... [ Continue Reading ]
ἌΦΕΣΙΝ. See on Luke 1:77; 1 John 2:12. ΕἸΣ ΠΆΝΤΑ ΤᾺ ἜΘΝΗ. See Luke 2:32; Genesis 12:3; Psalms 22:27; Isaiah 49:6. ἈΠῸ ἹΕΡΟΥΣΑΛΉΜ. Isaiah 2:3; Micah 4:2.... [ Continue Reading ]
ΜΆΡΤΥΡΕΣ. John 15:27. How prominent in the minds of the Apostles was this ministry of _witness_ may be seen from Acts 1:8; Acts 2:32; Acts 3:15; Acts 4:33; Acts 5:30-32, &c.... [ Continue Reading ]
ΤῊΝ ἘΠΑΓΓΕΛΊΑΝ. Both in the Prophecies of the Old Testament (Isaiah 44:3; Ezekiel 36:26; Joel 2:28) and by His own mouth (John 14:16-17; John 14:20; John 15:26; John 16:7). Comp. Acts 1:4-5; Acts 1:8. It is difficult not to see in this expression a [ Continue Reading ]
ἘΞΉΓΑΓΕΝ. Not of course at the conclusion of the last scene, but at the end of the forty days, Acts 1:3. ἝΩΣ ΠΡΌΣ. ‘As far as towards Bethany’ (πρός, אBCD, &c.), i.e. “over against,” R.V[422] The traditional scene of the Ascension is the central summit of the Mount of Olives (_Jebel et-Tur_); but i... [ Continue Reading ]
THE ASCENSION... [ Continue Reading ]
ΚΑῚ�. אBC. It is omitted in D. 51. ΔΙΈΣΤΗ. ‘_He parted_.’ Vulg[423] _recessit_. Not “was parted” (A.V[424]). The verb occurs (in the N.T.) only in Luke 22:59; Acts 27:28. “A cloud received Him out of their sight,” Acts 1:9. This passage however conveys a clearer impression. _He stood apart from the... [ Continue Reading ]
ΠΡΟΣΚΥΝΉΣΑΝΤΕΣ ΑΥ̓ΤΌΝ. אABC. Omitted in D. 52. ΕἸΣ ἹΕΡΟΥΣΑΛΉΜ. For fuller details see Acts 1:3-12. ΜΕΤᾺ ΧΑΡΑ͂Σ ΜΕΓΆΛΗΣ. As Jesus had promised (John 16:20; John 16:22). It is remarkable that they shewed great joy now that they were losing for ever the earthly presence of the Lord. It shews their fa... [ Continue Reading ]
ΔΙΑΠΑΝΤῸΣ ἘΝ ΤΩ͂Ι ἹΕΡΩ͂Ι. This expression is one of the links between the Gospel and the Acts (see Acts 2:46; Acts 3:1, &c.). ΑἸΝΟΥ͂ΝΤΕΣ ΚΑῚ ΕΥ̓ΛΟΓΟΥ͂ΝΤΕΣ. Acts 2:46; Acts 5:42. ‘Praise is the fruit of joy.’ A characteristic close in accordance with the usual spirit of St Luke. See Introd. p. xxxii,... [ Continue Reading ]