Luke 4:1-13
Luke 4:1-13. THE TEMPTATION... [ Continue Reading ]
Luke 4:1-13. THE TEMPTATION... [ Continue Reading ]
ἘΝ ΤΗ͂Ι ἘΡΉΜΩΙ, אBDL, Sah[82] It[83] Gr[84] La[85] Ti[86] The εἰς τὴν ἔρημον of the _Rec_[87] is an easier, more commonplace, less significant reading. See note. [82] Sah. Sahidic Version. [83] It. Old Latin Version (Itala). [84] Gr. Griesbach. [85] La. Lachmann. [86] Ti. Tischendorf. [87] _Rec._ T... [ Continue Reading ]
ἩΜΈΡΑΣ ΤΕΣΣΕΡΆΚΟΝΤΑ. The number was connected in the Jewish mind with notions of seclusion, and revelation, and peril;—Moses on Sinai, Exodus 34:18; Elijah, 1 Kings 19:8; the wanderings of the Israelites, Numbers 14:34; Judges 13:1. ΠΕΙΡΑΖΌΜΕΝΟΣ. The present participle implies that the temptation w... [ Continue Reading ]
ΕἾΠΕΝ ΔῈ ΑΥ̓ΤΩ͂Ι Ὁ ΔΙΆΒΟΛΟΣ. St Luke says nothing about the devil ‘approaching Him’ (Matthew 4:3), and thereby wholly leaves on one side the question of any corporal appearance. ΕἸ ΥἹῸΣ ΕἾ ΤΟΥ͂ ΘΕΟΥ͂. Doubtless an allusion to the divine Voice at His baptism (Luke 3:22). The same words were taunting... [ Continue Reading ]
ἈΛΛ' ἘΠῚ ΠΑΝΤῚ ῬΉΜΑΤΙ ΘΕΟΥ͂. Omit with אBL, Sah[88] Ti[89] It is perhaps added from St Matthew 4 and hence is found in most versions and Fathers. [Most of the variations in this narrative are mere additions from the parallel narratives.] [88] Sah. Sahidic Version. [89] Ti. Tischendorf. 4. ΓΈΓΡΑΠΤΑΙ... [ Continue Reading ]
ΚΑῚ�. Probably “the devil” and “into a high mountain” are added from St Matthew. How the devil took Him up we are not told. Scripture, to turn away our thoughts from the secondary to the essential, knows nothing of those journeys through the air which we find in Apocrypha and in the ‘Gospel of the H... [ Continue Reading ]
ΣΟῚ ΔΏΣΩ. In the emphatic order of the original, ‘To thee will I give this power, all of it, and the glory of them.’ ὍΤΙ ἘΜΟῚ ΠΑΡΑΔΈΔΟΤΑΙ. ‘Because to me it _has been entrusted_ (and therefore,’ the perfect implies, ‘it is permanently mine,’ _commissam habeo potestatem_). Hence the expression, “the... [ Continue Reading ]
ΠΑ͂ΣΑ. The πάντα of _Rec_[90] is from Matthew 4:9. [90] _Rec._ The Textus Receptus. 7. ΣῪ ΟΥ̓͂Ν ἘᾺΝ ΠΡΟΣΚΥΝΉΣΗΙΣ ἘΝΏΠΙΟΝ ἘΜΟΥ͂. ‘Thou then, if thou wilt do homage before me.’ Comp. Psalms 22:27. The pronouns are emphatic (comp. Luke 4:6), as is shewn both by their position, and by the full forms ἐ... [ Continue Reading ]
8. The words ὕπαγε ὀπίσω should here be omitted with אBDL, &c., as having been added from Matthew 4:10. Similar words were used to Peter (Matthew 16:23). ΠΡΟΣΚΥΝΉΣΕΙΣ. The quotation is slightly altered from Deuteronomy 6:13, “Thou shalt _fear_ the Lord thy God, and serve Him.” St Matthew has the sa... [ Continue Reading ]
ΥἹῸΣ (for ὁ υἱός) אABD, and all the best editors. 9. ΤῸ ΠΤΕΡΎΓΙΟΝ. ‘The pinnacle, or battlement.’ Some well-known pinnacle of the Temple, either that of the Royal Portico, which looked down from a dizzy height into the Valley of the Kidron (Jos. _Antt._ XV. 11, § 5); or the Eastern Portico, from wh... [ Continue Reading ]
ΓΈΓΡΑΠΤΑΙ ΓΆΡ. “The devil can cite Scripture for his purpose. An evil soul producing holy witness Is like a villain with a smiling cheek, A deadly apple rotten at the heart.” SHAKESPEARE. “In religion What damned error but some sober brow Will bless it and approve it with a text, Hiding the gros... [ Continue Reading ]
ΟΥ̓Κ ἘΚΠΕΙΡΆΣΕΙΣ. If the compound be pressed it means ‘thou shalt not utterly tempt.’ It is impious folly to _put God to the test_ by thrusting ourselves into uncalled-for danger. The angels will only guard our perilous footsteps when we are walking in the path of duty. We cannot claim miracles when... [ Continue Reading ]
ΠΆΝΤΑ ΠΕΙΡΑΣΜΌΝ. ‘Every temptation.’ “He had,” as Bengel says, “shot his last dart.” The temptations had been addressed (1) to the desire of the flesh—trying to make the test of Sonship to God consist not in obedience but in the absence of pain; (2) to the pride of life—as though earthly greatness w... [ Continue Reading ]
ΚΑῚ ὙΠΈΣΤΡΕΨΕΝ Ὁ ἸΗΣΟΥ͂Σ. St Luke here omits that series of occurrences which is mainly preserved for us by the Apostle who recorded the Judaean ministry—St John; namely the deputation of the Sanhedrin to the Baptist (Luke 1:19-28), and his testimony about the baptism of Jesus (29–34); the call of A... [ Continue Reading ]
JESUS RETURNS TO NAZARETH AND PREACHES THERE... [ Continue Reading ]
ΚΑῚ ΑΥ̓ΤῸΣ ἘΔΊΔΑΣΚΕΝ ἘΝ ΤΑΙ͂Σ ΣΥΝΑΓΩΓΑΙ͂Σ ΑΥ̓ΤΩ͂Ν, ΔΟΞΑΖΌΜΕΝΟΣ ὙΠῸ ΠΆΝΤΩΝ. ‘And He Himself was teaching in their synagogues.’ ‘He Himself,’ in contrast with the _rumour_ about Him in Luke 4:14. The word αὐτὸς in this Gospel comes to mean ‘the Master,’ as a sort of the title of honour, as in the “αὐτ... [ Continue Reading ]
ΝΑΖΑΡΈΤ. The reading of אB, Ti[91] W.H[92] is Ναζαρά. [91] Ti. Tischendorf. [92] W.H. Westcott and Hort. 16. ΚΑῚ ἮΛΘΕΝ ΕἸΣ ΝΑΖΑΡΈΤ. This is probably the visit related in unchronological order in Matthew 13:53-58; Mark 6:1-6, since after so violent and decisive a rejection as St Luke describes, it... [ Continue Reading ]
ἈΝΑΠΤΎΞΑΣ. ἈΝΟΊΞΑΣ (ABL, La[93]) is perhaps an explanation. τόπον, so אL. [93] La. Lachmann. 17. ἘΠΕΔΌΘΗ ΑΥ̓ΤΩ͂Ι. Literally, “there was _further_ handed to Him.” The expression means that after He, or another, had read the _Parashah_, or First Lesson, which was always from the Pentateuch, the cler... [ Continue Reading ]
ἸΆΣΑΣΘΑΙ ΤΟῪΣ ΣΥΝΤΕΤΡΙΜΜΈΝΟΥΣ ΤῊΝ ΚΑΡΔΊΑΝ. Omitted by אBDL, Vulg[94] It[95] &c. [94] Vulg. Vulgate. [95] It. Old Latin Version (Itala). 18. ἜΧΡΙΣΈΝ ΜΕ. ‘He anointed’ (aorist); the following verb is in the perfect. The word _Mashach_ in the Hebrew would recall to the hearers the notion of the Messi... [ Continue Reading ]
ΚΗΡΥ͂ΞΑΙ … ἈΠΟΣΤΕΙ͂ΛΑΙ … ΚΗΡΥ͂ΞΑΙ. The infinitives follow each other without conjunctions (_asyndeton_, Winer, p. 674). For the accent of κηρῦξαι see Winer, p. 57. ΑἸΧΜΑΛΏΤΟΙΣ. Properly ‘prisoners of war’; but the word may be used generally as in Colossians 4:10. ΤΥΦΛΟΙ͂Σ�. Here the LXX[102] diffe... [ Continue Reading ]
ΠΤΎΞΑΣ. ‘Rolling up.’ Generally the Haphtarah consists of twenty-one verses, and is never less than three; but our Lord stopped short in the second verse, because this furnished sufficient text for His discourse, and because He wished these gracious words to rest last on their ears, rather than the... [ Continue Reading ]
ἬΡΞΑΤΟ ΔῈ ΛΈΓΕΙΝ ΠΡῸΣ ΑΥ̓ΤΟΎΣ. i.e. these were the first words of the discourse. It began with the announcement that He was the Messiah in whom the words of the prophet found their fulfilment.... [ Continue Reading ]
ΤΟΙ͂Σ ΛΌΓΟΙΣ ΤΗ͂Σ ΧΆΡΙΤΟΣ. _The words of the grace_. Comp. Colossians 3:16, ἐν χάριτι ᾄδοντες. The word ‘grace’ does not here mean mercy or favour (_Gnade_), but beauty and attractiveness (_Anmuth_). This verse and John 7:46 are the chief proofs that there was in our Lord’s utterance an irresistible... [ Continue Reading ]
ΕἸΣ [ΤῊΝ] ΚΑΦΑΡΝΑΟΎΜ, אBDL, Marcion. The φ is doubtless right as Kaphar means a village. 23. ΤῊΝ ΠΑΡΑΒΟΛῊΝ ΤΑΎΤΗΝ. Παραβολὴ represents the Hebrew _mashal_, and had a wider meaning than its English equivalent. Thus it is also used for a _proverb_ (_Beispiel_), 1 Samuel 10:12; 1 Samuel 24:13; Ezekiel... [ Continue Reading ]
ΔΕΚΤΌΣ ἘΣΤΙΝ ἘΝ ΤΗ͂Ι ΠΑΤΡΊΔΙ ΑΥ̓ΤΟΥ͂. ‘_Is acceptable_’ (rather than the _accepted_ of the A. V[104], since δεκτὸς is a verbal adjective). St Matthew adds (Matthew 13:57) “and in his own house,” implying that “neither did His brethren believe on Him.” This curious psychological fact, which has its a... [ Continue Reading ]
REJECTION BY THE NAZARENES... [ Continue Reading ]
ΠΟΛΛΑῚ ΧΗ͂ΡΑΙ ἮΣΑΝ … ἘΝ ΤΩ͂Ι ἸΣΡΑΉΛ. So far from trying to flatter them, He tells them that His work is not to be for _their_ special benefit or glorification, but that He had now passed far beyond the limitations of earthly relationships. ἜΤΗ ΤΡΊΑ ΚΑῚ ΜΗ͂ΝΑΣ ἜΞ. Such was the Jewish tradition (Jalku... [ Continue Reading ]
ΣΙΔΩΝΊΑΣ, אABCD. 26. ΕἸ ΜῊ ΕἸΣ ΣΆΡΕΠΤΑ, i.e. “but he _was_ sent to Sarepta.” Zarephath (1 Kings 17:9) was a Phoenician town near the coast between Tyre and Sidon, now called _Surafend_.... [ Continue Reading ]
ΕἸ ΜῊ ΝΑΙΜᾺΝ Ὁ ΣΎΡΟΣ. No leper was healed _except_ Naaman. (2 Kings 5:1-14. Thus both Elijah and Elisha had carried God’s mercies to Gentiles.) The use of the words is elliptic, like οὐδὲν σιτέονται εἰ μὴ ἰχθῦς, Hdt. Comp. Matthew 12:4.... [ Continue Reading ]
ἘΠΛΉΣΘΗΣΑΝ … ΘΥΜΟΥ͂. The aorist implies a sudden outburst. Perhaps they were already offended by knowing that Jesus had spent two days at Sychar among the hated Samaritans; and now He whom they wished to treat as “the carpenter” and their equal, was as it were asserting the superior claims of Gentil... [ Continue Reading ]
ὭΣΤΕ, אBDL, Marcion, &c. Better than εἰς τὸ of the _Rec_[96] [96] _Rec._ The Textus Receptus. 29. ἝΩΣ ὈΦΡΎΟΣ ΤΟΥ͂ ὌΡΟΥΣ ἘΦ' ΟΥ̓͂ Ἡ ΠΌΛΙΣ ὨΙΚΟΔΌΜΗΤΟ ΑΥ̓ΤΩ͂Ν. The word ὀφρύς, ‘eyebrow,’ is applied to hills, like the Latin _supercilium_ (Verg. _Georg._ I. 108). The ‘_whereon_’ refers to the hill not t... [ Continue Reading ]
ΔΙΕΛΘῺΝ ΔΙᾺ ΜΈΣΟΥ ΑΥ̓ΤΩ͂Ν. This is rather a _mirabile_ than a _miraculum_, since no miracle is asserted or necessarily implied. The inherent majesty and dignity of our Lord’s calm ascendency, seem to have been sufficient on several occasions to overawe and cow His enemies; John 7:30; John 7:46; John... [ Continue Reading ]
ΚΑΤΗ͂ΛΘΕΝ ΕἸΣ ΚΑΦΑΡΝΑΟΎΜ. St Matthew (Matthew 4:13-16) sees in the locality of Christ’s Ministry the fulfilment of Isaiah 9:1-2, omitting the first part, which should be rendered, “At the former time he brought contempt on the land of Zebulun and on the land of Naphtali, _but in the latter time he b... [ Continue Reading ]
THE HEALING OF A DEMONIAC... [ Continue Reading ]
ἘΞΕΠΛΉΣΣΟΝΤΟ. The word expresses more sudden and vehement astonishment than the more deeply-seated ‘amaze’ of Luke 4:36. ἘΠῚ ΤΗ͂Ι ΔΙΔΑΧΗ͂Ι ΑΥ̓ΤΟΥ͂. ‘At His teaching,’ referring here to the _manner_ He adopted. ἘΝ ἘΞΟΥΣΊΑ ἮΝ Ὁ ΛΌΓΟΣ ΑΥ̓ΤΟΥ͂. ‘_His word was with authority_,’ comp. Luke 4:36. St Matth... [ Continue Reading ]
ΠΝΕΥ͂ΜΑ ΔΑΙΜΟΝΊΟΥ�. The word ‘unclean’ is peculiar to St Luke, who writes for Gentiles. The word for devil is not _diabolos_, which is confined to Satan, or human beings like him (John 6:70), but _daimonion_, which in Greek was also capable of a good sense. The Jews believed _daimonia_ to be the spi... [ Continue Reading ]
ἜΑ. Omit λέγων, with אBL. The word _Ea_! may be not the imperative of ἐάω (‘desist!’) but a wild cry of horror, ‘Ha!’ ΤΊ ἩΜΙ͂Ν ΚΑῚ ΣΟΊ; The demon speaks in the plural, merging his individuality in that of all evil powers. (Matthew 8:29; Mark 5:9.) For the phrase see Luke 8:28; 2 Samuel 16:10; 2 Sam... [ Continue Reading ]
ΦΙΜΏΘΗΤΙ. Literally, ‘_Be muzzled_,’ as in 1 Corinthians 9:9. See Matthew 22:34; Mark 1:25, &c. ῬΙ͂ΨΑΝ. St Mark uses the stronger word σπαράξαν, “tearing him.” It was the convulsion which became a spasm of visible deliverance. It is most instructive to contrast the simple sobriety of the narratives... [ Continue Reading ]
ΤΊΣ Ὁ ΛΌΓΟΣ ΟὟΤΟΣ; Vulg[105] _Quod est hoc verbum?_ ‘What is this word?’ [105] Vulg. Vulgate. ἘΞΈΡΧΟΝΤΑΙ. In strict Attic Greek the singular verb would have followed the neut. plur.... [ Continue Reading ]
ἘΞΕΠΟΡΕΎΕΤΟ ἮΧΟΣ ΠΕΡῚ ΑΥ̓ΤΟΥ͂. ‘A loud rumour about Him began to spread.’ ἦχος is a more emphatic word, and implies a louder rumour than φήμη. The sense of the word in Acts 2:2 (‘a loud voice’), Hebrews 12:19 (‘a trumpet blast’) is different.... [ Continue Reading ]
ΕἸΣ ΤῊΝ ΟἸΚΊΑΝ ΣΊΜΩΝΟΣ. St Mark, nearly connected with St Peter, says more accurately “the house of Simon and Andrew” (Luke 1:29). This is the first mention of Peter in St Luke, but the name was too well known in the Christian Church to need further explanation. Peter and Andrew were of Bethsaida (J... [ Continue Reading ]
38, 39. THE HEALING OF SIMON’S WIFE’S MOTHER... [ Continue Reading ]
ἘΠΙΣΤᾺΣ ἘΠΆΝΩ ΑΥ̓ΤΗ͂Σ. A graphic touch, found here only. The other Evangelists say that He took her by the hand. ἈΝΑΣΤΑ͂ΣΑ ΔΙΗΚΌΝΕΙ ΑΥ̓ΤΟΙ͂Σ. Literally, ‘arising at once she began to wait on them.’ The more Attic augment is ἐδιακόνει.... [ Continue Reading ]
ΔΎΝΟΝΤΟΣ ΔῈ ΤΟΥ͂ ἩΛΊΟΥ. Comp. Matthew 8:16, ὀψίας δὲ γενομένης; Mark 1:32, ὅτε ἔδυ ὁ ἥλιος. St Matthew and St Mark agree most closely in details, St Mark and St Luke in the order of the narrative. The form δύνω is Ionic and poetic, and it is found here alone in the N. T. Sunset ended the Sabbath, an... [ Continue Reading ]
HEALING THE SICK AT EVENING... [ Continue Reading ]
ΣῪ ΕἾ. After these words the Rec[97] adds ὁ Χριστὸς which should be omitted with אBCDFL &c. [97] Rec. The Textus Receptus. 41. ΚΡΑΥΓΆΖΟΝΤΑ. The word implies the harsh screams of the demoniacs. ΣῪ ΕἾ Ὁ ΥἹῸΣ ΤΟΥ͂ ΘΕΟΥ͂. The words “Thou art Christ” should be omitted with אBCDFL, &c. ΟΥ̓Κ ΕἼΑ ΑΥ̓ΤᾺ... [ Continue Reading ]
ΓΕΝΟΜΈΝΗΣ ΔῈ ἩΜΈΡΑΣ. St Mark (Mark 1:35) uses the expression ‘rising up exceedingly early in the morning, while it was yet dark.’ It was His object to escape into silence, and solitude, and prayer, without being observed by the multitudes. ΕἸΣ ἜΡΗΜΟΝ ΤΌΠΟΝ. Densely as the district was populated, su... [ Continue Reading ]
ΤΑΙ͂Σ ἙΤΈΡΑΙΣ ΠΌΛΕΣΙΝ. ‘To the rest of the cities.’ In St Mark He says, ‘Let us go elsewhere to the adjoining country villages.’ ΕΥ̓ΑΓΓΕΛΊΣΑΣΘΑΙ. ‘Tell the glad tidings of.’ In the next verse we have the different verb κηρύσσω. ΔΕΙ͂. ‘It behoves me’—the ‘must’ of moral obligation. ΤῊΝ ΒΑΣΙΛΕΊΑΝ Τ... [ Continue Reading ]
ἮΝ ΚΗΡΎΣΣΩΝ. ‘He was preaching,’ implying a continued ministry. ΤΗ͂Σ ΓΑΛΙΛΑΊΑΣ. Here אBCL and other uncials have the important various reading “of Judaea.” If this reading be correct, it is another of the many indications that the Synoptists _assume and imply_ that Judaean ministry which St John al... [ Continue Reading ]