Luke 6:1-5
Luke 6:1-5. THE DISCIPLES PLUCK THE EARS OF CORN ON THE SABBATH. (Matthew 12:1-8; Mark 2:23-28.)... [ Continue Reading ]
Luke 6:1-5. THE DISCIPLES PLUCK THE EARS OF CORN ON THE SABBATH. (Matthew 12:1-8; Mark 2:23-28.)... [ Continue Reading ]
ἘΝ ΣΑΒΒΆΤΩΙ ΔΕΥΤΕΡΟΠΡΏΤΩΙ ACD, La[125] Ti[126] δευτεροπρώτῳ is omitted by אBL, W.H[127] See the note. [125] La. Lachmann. [126] Ti. Tischendorf. [127] W.H. Westcott and Hort. 1. ἘΓΈΝΕΤΟ … ΚΑῚ ἜΤΙΛΛΟΝ. This is a Hebraism. The ἐγένετο is really pleonastic (comp. Luke 5:1; Luke 5:12; Luke 9:51, and fo... [ Continue Reading ]
ΤΙΝῈΣ ΔῈ ΤΩ͂Ν ΦΑΡΙΣΑΊΩΝ. On the Jewish sects see Excursus VI. As the chronological sequence of the incident is uncertain, these may be some of the spy-Pharisees who as Christ’s ministry advanced dogged His steps (Matthew 15:1; Mark 3:22; Mark 7:1), in the base and demoralising desire to convict Him... [ Continue Reading ]
ΟΥ̓ΔῈ ΤΟΥ͂ΤΟ�; ‘Have ye not even read this?’ He answers them in one of their own formulae, but with a touch of irony at their ignorance, which we trace also in the “Did ye never read?” of St Mark;—_never_ though ye are Scribes and devote all your time to the Scriptures? Perhaps the reproving questio... [ Continue Reading ]
ΤΟῪΣ ἌΡΤΟΥΣ ΤΗ͂Σ ΠΡΟΘΈΣΕΩΣ. Vulg[132] _panes propositionis_. Literally, ‘loaves of setting forth;’ “continual bread,” Numbers 4:7; “Bread of the Face,” i.e. set before the Presence of God, Leviticus 24:6-7. Comp. “Angel of the Face,” Leviticus 24:6-8; Exodus 25:30; Exodus 29:33. They were twelve unl... [ Continue Reading ]
ΚΑῚ ἜΛΕΓΕΝ. Marking a weighty addition to the subject, see Luke 5:36. The following utterance is one of Christ’s great intimations of Christian freedom from mere legalism. ΚΎΡΙΟΣ … ΚΑῚ ΤΟΥ͂ ΣΑΒΒΆΤΟΥ. ‘Lord even of the Sabbath,’ though you regard the Sabbath as the most important command of the whol... [ Continue Reading ]
ΕἸΣ ΤῊΝ ΣΥΝΑΓΩΓΉΝ. Matthew 12:9-14; Mark 3:1-6. None of the Evangelists enable us to decide on the time or place when the healing occurred. ἮΝ ἌΝΘΡΩΠΟΣ ἘΚΕΙ͂. Obviously he had come in the hope of being healed; and even this the Pharisees regarded as reprehensible, Luke 13:14. The Gospel of the Ebio... [ Continue Reading ]
THE HEALING OF THE MAN WITH THE WITHERED HAND... [ Continue Reading ]
ΠΑΡΕΤΗΡΟΥ͂ΝΤΟ ΔΈ. See Luke 20:20. The verb implies that they watched, _ex obliquo et occulto_ (Bengel). The followers of Shammai, at that epoch the most powerful of the Pharisaic Schools, were so strict about the Sabbath, that they held it a violation of the Law to tend the sick, or even to console... [ Continue Reading ]
ΤΟῪΣ ΔΙΑΛΟΓΙΣΜΟῪΣ ΑΥ̓ΤΩ͂Ν, ‘their reasonings.’ ΞΗΡᾺΝ … ΤῊΝ ΧΕΙ͂ΡΑ. The predicative adjective is placed before the article according to the common Greek idiom.... [ Continue Reading ]
ἘΠΕΡΩΤΩ͂ ὙΜΑ͂Σ. ‘I further ask you.’ Implying that He had already addressed some questions to their consciences on this subject, or perhaps because they had asked Him, ‘Is it lawful to heal on the Sabbath?’ Matthew 12:10. But St Luke here omits several dramatic incidents of the narrative. ἈΓΑΘΟΠΟΙΗ... [ Continue Reading ]
ΠΕΡΙΒΛΕΨΆΜΕΝΟΣ ΠΆΝΤΑΣ ΑΥ̓ΤΟΎΣ. St Mark adds ‘with _anger_, being _grieved_ at the callousness (πώρωσιν, Romans 11:25) of their hearts.’ περιβλέψας would have been used here by a classic writer. ἜΚΤΕΙΝΟΝ ΤῊΝ ΧΕΙ͂ΡΆ ΣΟΥ. Compare 1 Kings 13:4. ἈΠΕΚΑΤΕΣΤΆΘΗ. The form also occurs in Matthew 12:13; Mark... [ Continue Reading ]
ἈΝΟΊΑΣ, ‘unreasonableness.’ The word occurs in the N. T. only in 2 Timothy 3:9. Plato (_Tim._ p. 86, 3) says that there are two kinds of ἄνοια, namely μανία and ἀμαθία, i.e. brutal and wilful ignorance. Here the word implies dementia, _senselessness_, the frenzy of obstinate prejudice. It admirably... [ Continue Reading ]
ἘΝ ΤΑΙ͂Σ ἩΜΈΡΑΙΣ ΤΑΎΤΑΙΣ, ‘_in these days_,’ wearied with their incessant espionage and opposition. Probably these two last incidents belong to a later period in the ministry, _following_ the Sermon on the Mount (as in St Matthew) and the bright acceptable Galilaean year of our Lord’s work. In any c... [ Continue Reading ]
THE SELECTION OF THE TWELVE APOSTLES... [ Continue Reading ]
ΔΏΔΕΚΑ. Doubtless with a reference to the twelve tribes of Israel. ΟὛΣ ΚΑῚ�. The word means primarily messengers,’ as in Philippians 2:25. It is a translation of the Hebrew _Sheloochim_, who often acted as emissaries of the Synagogue (comp. Mark 3:14, ἴνα�). It is used 36 times by St Luke, 21 times... [ Continue Reading ]
ΣΊΜΩΝΑ. Lists of the twelve Apostles are given in four passages of Scripture in the following order: Matthew 10:2-4. Mark 3:16-19. Luke 6:14-16. Acts 1:13. Simon Simon Simon Peter Andrew James Andrew James James John James John John Andrew John Andrew Philip Philip Philip Phi... [ Continue Reading ]
ΤῸΝ ΚΑΛΟΎΜΕΝΟΝ ΖΗΛΩΤΉΝ. ‘Who was called the Zealot.’ ἸΣΚΑΡΙΏΘ. This should, strictly, be rendered “_an_ Iscariot,” i.e. a native of Kerioth, and sometimes “_the_ Iscariot,” as in Matthew 10:4, &c. The reading of D in many passages is ἀπὸ Καριώτου. The name may be all the more significant because it... [ Continue Reading ]
ὋΣ ἘΓΈΝΕΤΟ ΠΡΟΔΌΤΗΣ. ‘Who became a traitor.’ “Have not I chosen you twelve, and one of you is a devil?” John 6:70; 1 John 2:17; typified by Ahithophel, Psalms 41:9. If it be asked why our Lord chose him, the answer is nowhere given to us, but we may reverently conjecture that Judas Iscariot, like al... [ Continue Reading ]
ὌΧΛΟΣ AD. πολὺς is added in אBL. 17. ΚΑῚ ΚΑΤΑΒᾺΣ ΜΕΤ' ΑΥ̓ΤΩ͂Ν ἜΣΤΗ ἘΠῚ ΤΌΠΟΥ ΠΕΔΙΝΟΥ͂. ‘And descending with them, He stopped on a level place.’ τόπος πεδινός also occurs in Isaiah 13:2, LXX[135] If the phrase be thus rendered there is no discrepancy between St Luke and St Matthew, who says that “He... [ Continue Reading ]
ἈΠῸ ΠΝΕΥΜΆΤΩΝ. The ἀπὸ indicates the _sources_ of their maladies. See Winer, p. 464... [ Continue Reading ]
ἍΠΤΕΣΘΑΙ ΑΥ̓ΤΟΥ͂. Compare Luke 8:44; Matthew 14:36; Mark 5:30.... [ Continue Reading ]
ΜΑΚΆΡΙΟΙ ΟἹ ΠΤΩΧΟΊ. ‘Blessed are the poor.’ The μακάριοι is a Hebrew expression (_ashrê_), (Psalms 1:1). St Matthew adds “in spirit” (comp. Isaiah 66:2, “To this man will I look, even to him that is poor and of a contrite spirit, and trembleth at my word”). But (1) St Luke gives the address of Chris... [ Continue Reading ]
BEATITUDES AND WOES This section of St Luke, from Luke 6:20 to Luke 9:6, resembles in style the great Journey Section, Luke 9:51 to Luke 18:34.... [ Continue Reading ]
ΜΑΚΆΡΙΟΙ ΟἹ ΠΕΙΝΩ͂ΝΤΕΣ ΝΥ͂Ν. Comp. Luke 1:53; Psalms 107:9. St Matthew here also brings out more clearly that it is the beatitude of spiritual hunger “after righteousness.” ΧΟΡΤΑΣΘΉΣΕΣΘΕ. This verb (from χόρτος, a farm-yard) originally, meant ‘to fatten cattle.’ It is used in the LXX[137] and by ea... [ Continue Reading ]
ΜΙΣΉΣΩΣΙΝ … ἈΦΟΡΊΣΩΣΙΝ … ὈΝΕΙΔΊΣΩΣΙΝ … ἘΚΒΆΛΩΣΙΝ. We have here four steps of persecution increasing in virulence: (1) General hatred; (2) Exclusion from the synagogue, a lesser excommunication, viz. the _Nezîphah_ or exclusion for 30 days, or _Niddouî_ for 90 days (Gfrörer, _Jahrh. d. Heils_, I. 183... [ Continue Reading ]
ΧΆΡΗΤΕ ἘΝ ἘΚΕΊΝΗΙ ΤΗ͂Ι ἩΜΈΡΑΙ. See Acts 5:41. “We glory in tribulation;” Romans 5:3; James 1:2-3; Colossians 1:24; Hebrews 11:26. They accepted with joy that ‘ignominy of Christ’ which made the very name of ‘Christian’ a term of execration; 1 Peter 4:14; 1 Peter 4:16. ΤΟΙ͂Σ ΠΡΟΦΉΤΑΙΣ. Elijah and his... [ Continue Reading ]
ΠΛῊΝ ΟΥ̓ΑΊ. While sin lasts, there must still be Woes over against Beatitudes, as Ebal stands for ever opposite to Gerizim. In St Matthew also we find (Matthew 23) eight Woes as well as eight Beatitudes. See too Jeremiah 17:5-8, but there the “cursed” precedes the “blessed.” ὙΜΙ͂Ν ΤΟΙ͂Σ ΠΛΟΥΣΊΟΙΣ. T... [ Continue Reading ]
ΟἹ ἘΜΠΕΠΛΗΣΜΈΝΟΙ. “Behold, this was the iniquity of thy sister Sodom, pride, _fulness of bread_,” Ezekiel 16:49. ΟΥ̓ΑῚ ΟἹ ΓΕΛΩ͂ΝΤΕΣ ΝΥ͂Ν. Compare Ecclesiastes 2:2; Ecclesiastes 7:6; Proverbs 14:13.... [ Continue Reading ]
ΟΥ̓ΑῚ. Omit unto you with אABE, &c. ὍΤΑΝ ΚΑΛΩ͂Σ ὙΜΑ͂Σ ΕἼΠΩΣΙΝ ΠΆΝΤΕΣ. “Know ye not that the friendship of the world is enmity with God?” James 4:4. “If ye were of the world, the world would love his own,” John 15:19. ΤΟΙ͂Σ ΨΕΝΔΟΠΡΟΦΉΤΑΙΣ. “The prophets prophesy falsely … and my people love to have... [ Continue Reading ]
ΤΟΙ͂Σ�. ‘To you who (really) hear.’ Euthymius Zigabenus paraphrases it τοῖς πειθομένοις μου. ἈΓΑΠΑ͂ΤΕ ΤΟῪΣ ἘΧΘΡΟῪΣ ὙΜΩ͂Ν. This had been distinctly the spirit of the highest part of the Law and the Old Testament. Exodus 23:4, “If thou meet _thine enemy’s_ ox or ass going astray, thou shalt surely bri... [ Continue Reading ]
THE LAWS OF LOVE AND MERCY [27–30. The _manifestations_ of Love. 31. Its formula. 32–35. Its distinctiveness. 35–36. Its model. 37–45. Love as the principle of all judgment. Godet.]... [ Continue Reading ]
ΠΡΟΣΕὙΧΕΣΘΕ ΠΕΡῚ ΤΩ͂Ν ἘΠΗΡΕΑΖΌΝΤΩΝ ὙΜΑ͂Σ. The Greek word implies the coarsest insults, and is found in 1 Peter 3:16. St Luke alone records our Lord’s prayer for His murderers, Luke 23:34, from which St Stephen learnt his, Acts 7:60.... [ Continue Reading ]
ἘΠῚ ΤῊΝ ΣΙΑΓΌΝΑ. Literally, _on the jaw_—perhaps to imply coarse and brutal violence. ΠΆΡΕΧΕ ΚΑῚ ΤῊΝ ἌΛΛΗΝ. The general principle “resist not evil” (Matthew 5:39; 1 Corinthians 6:7; 1 Peter 2:19-23) impressed for ever on the memory and conscience of mankind by a striking paradox. That it is only mea... [ Continue Reading ]
ΠΑΝΤῚ ΑἸΤΟΥ͂ΝΤΊ ΣΕ ΔΊΔΟΥ. Literally, “_be giving_,” implying a _habit_, not an instant act. Here again we have a broad, general principle of unselfishness and liberality safely left to the common sense of mankind, Deuteronomy 15:7-9. The _spirit_ of our Lord’s precept is now best fulfilled by _not_... [ Continue Reading ]
ΚΑΘῺΣ ΘΈΛΕΤΕ Κ.Τ.Λ. The golden rule of Christianity of which our Lord said that it was “the Law and the Prophets,” Matthew 7:12. The modern ‘Altruism’ and ‘_vivre pour autrui_,’ though pompously enunciated as the basis of a new religion, are but a mutilated reproduction of this. ἽΝΑ ΠΟΙΩ͂ΣΙΝ. Anoth... [ Continue Reading ]
ΚΑῚ ΓᾺΡ ΟἹ ἉΜΑΡΤΩΛΟΊ. Where St Matthew (Matthew 5:46-47), writing for Jews, uses the term ‘tax-gatherers’ or ‘Gentile persons’ (ἐθνικοὶ), St Luke naturally substitutes the nearest equivalents of those words in this connexion, because he is writing for Gentiles. Our Lord meant that our standard must... [ Continue Reading ]
ΚΑῚ AD. καὶ γάρ אB.... [ Continue Reading ]
ΤᾺ ἼΣΑ. ‘The exact return.’... [ Continue Reading ]
ΜΗΔῈΝ� ABD. μηδένα א. ΠΟΛΎΣ. A adds the explanatory gloss ἐν οὐρανῷ. 35. ΠΛΉΝ. ‘However.’ This conjunction is used by St Luke much more frequently than by the other N. T. writers. From this passage we see that ‘interest’ and ‘usury’ are not here contemplated at all. ΜΗΔῈΝ�. Vulg[138] _nihil inde s... [ Continue Reading ]
ΓΊΝΕΣΘΕ ΟἸΚΤΊΡΜΟΝΕΣ. ‘Become,’ or ‘Prove yourselves merciful’ (omit οὖν, אBDL). ΟἸΚΤΊΡΜΩΝ. St Matthew has “_perfect_,” Matthew 5:48; but that there is no essential difference between the two Evangelists we may see in such expressions as “the _Father of Mercies_,” 2 Corinthians 1:3; “the Lord is very... [ Continue Reading ]
ΜῊ ΚΡΊΝΕΤΕ. The following καταδικάζετε shews that what is forbidden is not only condemnatory judgment but the critical, fastidious, fault-finding, ungenerous spirit. For comment read Romans 2:1-3; Romans 14:10, “Why dost thou judge thy brother?… for we shall all stand before the judgment-seat of Chr... [ Continue Reading ]
ΔΏΣΟΥΣΙΝ. ‘Shall they give.’ Who? The A.V[141] supplies “men.” Euthymius says ‘those whom you have benefited’ for God will seem to give in their behalf. But St Luke was probably thinking of _angels_, as in Luke 16:9 (comp. Matthew 24:31) and in Luke 12:20; Luke 12:48. [141] A.V. Authorised Version.... [ Continue Reading ]
ΜΉΤΙ ΔΎΝΑΤΑΙ ΤΥΦΛῸΣ ΤΥΦΛῸΝ ὉΔΗΓΕΙ͂Ν; Matthew 15:14; Proverbs 19:27, “Cease, my son, to hear the instruction that causeth to err.” St Paul taunts the Jew with professing to be “a guide of the blind,” Romans 2:19. St Luke calls this “a parable” in the broader sense (see on Luke 4:23); and in this Gosp... [ Continue Reading ]
SINCERITY. FOUR COMPARISONS... [ Continue Reading ]
ΚΑΤΗΡΤΙΣΜΈΝΟΣ. ‘Who has been perfected,’ 2 Timothy 3:17. A favourite quotation of St John’s, Luke 13:16; Luke 15:20. See Matthew 10:25.... [ Continue Reading ]
ΒΛΈΠΕΙΣ ΤῸ ΚΆΡΦΟΣ. The hypocrite _sees_ (βλέπει) at the slightest glance the mote in his brother’s eye; but not the most careful inspection enables him to _observe_ (κατανοεῖν) the very obvious beam in his own eye. ΚΆΡΦΟΣ, a stalk or chip, and this is also the idea of _mote_. Thus in Dutch _mot is d... [ Continue Reading ]
ἍΦΕΣ ἘΚΒΆΛΩ. Cp. Mark 15:36, ἄφετε ἴδωμεν. The conjunction is deliberative, as in θέλεις εἴπωμεν, Luke 9:54. In modern Greek ἂς, _let_, is derived from ἄφες, and has become a regular imperative form. ΟΥ̓ ΒΛΈΠΩΝ. This is the only instance of οὐ with a participle in this Gospel. Participles are so fr... [ Continue Reading ]
ἝΚΑΣΤΟΝ ΔΈΝΔΡΟΝ. ‘_Each tree_’ (not as in A.V[142] _every tree_, which would be πᾶν δένδρον). [142] A.V. Authorised Version. ΟΥ̓ … ΣΥΛΛΈΓΟΥΣΙΝ ΣΥ͂ΚΑ. The simile might have been illustrated by pointing to one of the common Eastern gardens or orchards with its festooning vines and fig-trees just bey... [ Continue Reading ]
ἘΚ ΓᾺΡ ΠΕΡΙΣΣΕΎΜΑΤΟΣ ΚΑΡΔΊΑΣ ΛΑΛΕΙ͂ ΤῸ ΣΤΌΜΑ ΑΥ̓ΤΟΥ͂. “O generation of vipers, how can ye, being evil, speak good things?” Matthew 12:34; “the vile person will speak villany,” Isaiah 32:6.... [ Continue Reading ]
ΤΊ ΔΈ ΜΕ ΚΑΛΕΙ͂ΤΕ, ΚΎΡΙΕ, ΚΎΡΙΕ; “If I be a master, where is my fear, saith the Lord of Hosts?” Malachi 1:6. Painful comments are supplied by the language of two parables, Matthew 25:11-12; Luke 13:25.... [ Continue Reading ]
FALSE AND TRUE FOUNDATIONS... [ Continue Reading ]
ΚΑῚ ΠΟΙΩ͂Ν ΑΥ̓ΤΟΎΣ. John 13:17. “Be ye doers of the word, and not hearers only,” James 1:22.... [ Continue Reading ]
ΔΙᾺ ΤῸ ΚΑΛΩ͂Σ ΟἸΚΟΔΟΜΕΙ͂ΣΘΑΙ ΑΥ̓ΤΉΝ אBL, Ti[128] οἰκοδομῆσθαι W.H[129] The reading of the Rec[130] is prob. from Matthew 7:25. [128] Ti. Tischendorf. [129] W.H. Westcott and Hort. [130] Rec. The Textus Receptus. 48. ὋΣ ἜΣΚΑΨΕΝ ΚΑῚ ἘΒΆΘΥΝΕΝ, ΚΑῚ ἜΘΗΚΕΝ ΘΕΜΈΛΙΟΝ ἘΠῚ ΤῊΝ ΠΈΤΡΑΝ. The E.V. here loses al... [ Continue Reading ]
ΣΥΝΈΠΕΣΕΝ אBDL, Edd. 49. ἘΠῚ ΤῊΝ ΓΗ͂Ν. In St Matthew, more graphically, “_upon the sand_;” e.g. the sand of superficial intellectual acceptance. ΣΥΝΈΠΕΣΕΝ. ‘_It collapsed_,’ ‘it fell in a heap.’ ΤῸ ῬΗ͂ΓΜΑ. Literally, ‘_the breach_.’... [ Continue Reading ]