This chapter expands the theme of the last section, and, by showing that Israel failed through ignorance, culpable because in defiance of express warnings, illustrates one strain in the theme of c. 9 that man is responsible for his failure to respond to GOD’S purposes. (1–4) Israel’s rejection of th... [ Continue Reading ]
ἈΔΕΛΦΟΊ. The personal appeal emphasises the depth of his feeling. Ἡ ΜῈΝ ΕΥ̓ΔΟΚΊΑ. ΜῈΝ suggests a contrast between S. Paul’s desire and the facts as he is forced to see them. ΕΥ̓ΔΟΚΊΑ = purpose. Cf. 2 Thessalonians 1:11; Philippians 1:15, in which places the idea of purpose involved in goodwill is... [ Continue Reading ]
With all my eager longing and prayer for Israel’s salvation, I cannot but see and say that they have failed, not for lack of zeal, but for failing to recognise the nature of true righteousness and substituting an imagined righteousness of their own: they refused obedience to GOD’S righteousness and... [ Continue Reading ]
E. Romans 9:1 to Romans 11:36. THE REJECTION OF THE GOSPEL BY ISRAEL The theme of Romans 1:16-17 has been worked out; it has been shown that the Gospel is a power of GOD unto salvation for them that believe, a power needed by Gentile and Jew alike, guaranteed on condition of faith and in response to... [ Continue Reading ]
ΖΗ͂ΛΟΝ. In a good sense; cf. John 2:17; 2 Corinthians 7:7; 2 Corinthians 7:11; 2 Corinthians 9:2; 2 Corinthians 11:2 only. ΟΥ̓ ΚΑΤ' ἘΠΊΓΝΩΣΙΝ = without clear or true discernment of the will or character of GOD. “γνῶσις is the wider word and expresses knowledge in the fullest sense: ἐπίγνωσις is kno... [ Continue Reading ]
ἈΓΝΟΟΥ͂ΝΤΕΣ. The Jews and Gentiles, failed for the same reason; cf. Romans 1:18 f.; Ephesians 4:18. ΤῊΝ ΤΟΥ͂ ΘΕΟΥ͂ ΔΙΚΑΙΟΣΎΝΗΝ = the righteousness which GOD exhibits in His own character and requires from men, contrasted with that righteousness which they tried to gain by their own efforts and meth... [ Continue Reading ]
ΤΈΛΟΣ ΓᾺΡ Κ.Τ.Λ γὰρ. yip explains why this submission was required. τέλος νόμου = an end of law, as an instrument of righteousness. Law promoted righteousness by revealing GOD’S will and awakening the moral consciousness. That dispensation was ended by Christ, in whose Person and character GOD’S wil... [ Continue Reading ]
Ὁ ΠΟΙΉΣΑΣ Κ.Τ.Λ. = Leviticus 18:5, LXX[201] (ἅ). The stress is on ὁ. π. he that has done it, and he alone. ἘΝ ΑΥ̓ΤΗ͂Ι, ‘by it.’ [201] LXX. the Septuagint Version of the Old Testament... [ Continue Reading ]
The reasonableness of such a submission is shown, and the relation of Christ to law explained, by the contrast between righteousness when sought as result of law, and righteousness resulting from faith. For the former S. Paul quotes Moses as laying down authoritatively that such righteousness can be... [ Continue Reading ]
Ἡ ΔῈ ἘΚ Π. Δ. A personification, a dramatisation of the appeal of the Gospel to man, to make plain the nature of the demand made by it, in contrast to the demand made by the Law. The demand of the Gospel is not for impossible effort, but for trust and confession. Note that S. Paul finds faith-righte... [ Continue Reading ]
ΤῊΝ ἌΒΥΣΣΟΝ for πέραν τῆς θαλάσσης, Deut. _l.c_[202] = ᾅδης of Psalms 138:8, LXX[203]; Swete on Revelation 9:1. [202] _l.c._ locus citatus [203] LXX. the Septuagint Version of the Old Testament... [ Continue Reading ]
ΤῸ ῬΗ͂ΜΑ ΤΗ͂Σ ΠΊΣΤΕΩΣ = the word in which faith, as the principle of righteousness, expresses itself. The actual ῥῆμα is Κύριος Ἰησοῦς: it is the expression of a faith which believes with the whole heart that GOD raised Him from death. The resurrection is the proof of the Lordship. This faith and co... [ Continue Reading ]
ὍΤΙ = because. ὉΜΟΛΟΓΉΣΗΙΣ. Cf. Matthew 10:32 (|[204] Lk.); 1 Timothy 6:12; Hebrews 13:15; 1 John 2:23. [204] | parallel to ὍΤΙ Κ. Ἰ. Cf. 1 Corinthians 12:3; 2 Corinthians 4:5; Philippians 2:11; Acts 2:36;... [ Continue Reading ]
ΠΙΣΤΕΎΕΤΑΙ = faith is formed, there is a state of faith, the condition, on man’s side, of the state of righteousness. ὉΜΟΛΟΓΕΙ͂ΤΑΙ = confession is made, a state of confession, the necessary condition for σωτηρία. The present tense in both cases marks the state of man’s mind, not the mere act. ΔΙΚΑ... [ Continue Reading ]
ΠΑ͂Σ Κ.Τ.Λ. The quotation is suggested by the word σωτηρία; the confession based on faith will not be disappointed; then πᾶς suggests the wide range of the principle and leads to Romans 10:12. Note πᾶς is added by S. Paul; but the universality is at once involved when πιστεύειν, possible to all, is... [ Continue Reading ]
ΔΙΑΣΤΟΛῊ. Distinction, or distinguishing (cf. 1 Corinthians 14:7), that is, in the matter of faith, which is a common human quality. Ὁ ΓᾺΡ ΑΥ̓ΤῸΣ ΚΎΡΙΟΣ. The same Person is Lord of all; the argument here lies in the universal reach of the term κύριος, as used in the confession Κύριος Ἰησοῦς. ΠΛΟΥΤ... [ Continue Reading ]
ΠΑ͂Σ ΓἈΡ Κ.Τ.Λ. Joel 2:32 qu. Acts 2:21. N. the direct application to Christ of the O. T. phrase for Jehovah, as object of worship.... [ Continue Reading ]
ΠΩ͂Σ ΟΥ̓͂Ν Κ.Τ.Λ. The string of rhetorical questions at once justifies S. Paul’s preaching to the Gentiles and shows that the Gospel has been offered to the Jews; they have failed, but not for lack of opportunity; this thought is developed in 16 f.... [ Continue Reading ]
ἈΛΛ' ΟΥ̓ ΠΆΝΤΕΣ Κ.Τ.Λ. An objection taken by an imagined interlocutor: yon say ‘all’; but _all_ did not respond to the appeal of the Gospel. ἨΣΑΊΑΣ ΓᾺΡ Κ.Τ.Λ. Isaiah 53:1. ΓᾺΡ = that was to be expected; for it was also the experience of the prophets.... [ Continue Reading ]
The quotations show that the refusal of the Jews to respond to the Gospel and the consequent call of Gentiles was anticipated by prophets, from Moses to Isaiah, and typified by the experience of the prophets themselves.... [ Continue Reading ]
ἌΡΑ Κ.Τ.Λ. Then, as now, it was Christ’s word, heard by the prophet and reported, which was the outward condition of faith. N. the underlying thought that Christ spoke through the prophets; cf. 1 Peter 1:11. ΔΙᾺ Ῥ. ΧΡ. The word is that which the prophet utters, and it is Christ’s word in the prophe... [ Continue Reading ]
ἈΛΛᾺ Κ.Τ.Λ. Israel has heard; ἤκουσαν though οὐχ ὑπήκουσαν. μὴ can it be pleaded that.… ΕἸΣ ΠΑ͂ΣΑΝ Κ.Τ.Λ., Psalms 19:4, quoted not for argument but for illustration: the Gospel has gone forth as widely as the utterance of GOD spoken of by the Psalmist.... [ Continue Reading ]
ΜῊ ἸΣΡΑῊΛ ΟΥ̓Κ ἜΓΝΩ; Can it be pleaded that Israel did not understand, i.e. Israel, with its privilege of special revelation, cannot plead ignorance in face of the explicit character of the warnings; cf. John 3:10. ΠΡΩ͂ΤΟΣ. From Moses onwards the warnings are explicit, of disobedience in Israel and... [ Continue Reading ]
ἨΣΑΊΑΣ Κ.Τ.Λ. Isaiah 66 f.... [ Continue Reading ]