τί οὖν; sums up the argument: Israel missed its aim; but not all Israel; the select remnant gained it; the rest were blinded; cf. Romans 9:31.

ἐπωρώθησαν were ‘dulled’ or ‘blinded’; they failed to perceive the true way of attaining their aim; exactly |[212] Romans 10:3 ἀγνοοῦντες, not |[213] σκληρύνει, Romans 9:18. Robinson, Eph. 264 f., points out that πώρωσις, πωροῦν are used in N. T. not of the hardness of the will or obstinacy (σκληροκαρδία) but of the dullness of the understanding, dullness of sight or feeling being applied to the heart as the seat of intelligence; cf. Mark 8:17; John 12:40; 2 Corinthians 3:14; Ephesians 4:18; where the context is decisive, as here, Romans 11:8; Romans 11:10. The whole discussion should be read.

[212] | parallel to
[213] | parallel to

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Old Testament