εἴπερ, if as is the fact; cf. Romans 8:9; Romans 8:17; 2 Thessalonians 1:6; 2 Corinthians 5:3 (v.l.); diff. 1 Corinthians 15:15 = if as they maintain (with ἄρα).

εἷς ὁ θεός. Cf. 1 Corinthians 8:4; Galatians 3:20; Ephesians 4:6; 1 Timothy 2:5; James 2:19 : always in S. Paul as giving the ground for the unity of mankind and the universality of the Gospel.

ἐκ, διὰ. No essential difference: ἐκ = as the result of, in implied contrast with ἐξ ἔργων νόμου; cf. Romans 9:31 : διὰ = by means of the exercise of faith, which is now open to them.

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Old Testament