1 Chronicles 11:1-3 (2 Samuel 5:1-3). David made King over all Israel 1. _Then_ Render, AND. Chron. has nothing here corresponding to 2 Samuel 1-4, Chapter s which cover a period of seven years (2 Samuel 5:5). David's earlier coronation by the men of Judah (2 Samuel 2:4), the reign of Ish-bosheth ov... [ Continue Reading ]
And _moreover_ Omit these words with R.V. _thou_wast _he that leddest out_ R.V. IT WAS THOU THAT LEDDEST OUT; cp. 1 Samuel 18:16. _the Lord thy God said_ Cp. 1 Chronicles 11:3; 1Ch 11:10; 1 Samuel 16:1-13. _ruler_ R.V. PRINCE; cp. 1 Chronicles 5:2, note.... [ Continue Reading ]
_made a covenant_ i.e. gave them a charter in which he promised to respect existing rights; cp. 1 Samuel 10:25 (Samuel writes the "manner" of the kingdom). _before the Lord_ One method of entering into a covenant "before the Lord" was to pass between the parts of a sacrificed animal; cp. Jeremiah 3... [ Continue Reading ]
4 9 (2 Samuel 5:6-10). The "City of David" captured and made a royal residence 4. _David and all Israel_ In Samuel (more accurately) "The king and _his men_," i.e. his household and body-guard; cp. 1 Chronicles 10:6, note. A picked force, not a large one, was necessary. _which_is _Jebus_ R.V. ( TH... [ Continue Reading ]
_Thou shalt not come hither_ A longer speech of defiance is given in 2 Samuel 5:6 (see R.V. mg.) in which the Jebusites assert that their city is so strong by nature that a garrison of blind and lame is sufficient for its defence. _the castle of Zion_ R.V. THE STRONG HOLD OF ZION. The site of this... [ Continue Reading ]
_Whosoever smiteth the Jebusites first shall be chief and captain_ The Chronicler has simplified the very difficult phrase which occurs in the parallel passage (2 Samuel 5:8). _Joab the son of Zeruiah_ Zeruiah was David's sister (1 Chronicles 2:16). It is not said in Samuel that Joab first became c... [ Continue Reading ]
_the castle_ R.V. THE STRONG HOLD (as in 1 Chronicles 11:5).... [ Continue Reading ]
_even from Millo round about_ R.V. FROM MILLO EVEN ROUND ABOUT. _Millo_, usually "the Millo," meaning perhaps "The filling up," was some part of the defences of the "city of David," either a _solid_tower or perhaps an armoury, or a piece of supplementary work intended to strengthen an existing wall... [ Continue Reading ]
_These also_ R.V. NOW THESE. This verse is the Chronicler's own heading which he prefixes to the list of heroes taken from Sam., while retaining (in 1 Chronicles 11:11) the original heading given in Sam. _who strengthened themselves with him_ Render with R.V. mg., WHO HELD STRONGLY WITH HIM. Cp. 1... [ Continue Reading ]
(2 Samuel 23:8-39). David's Mighty Men and their Deeds (The names of twelve of these heroes reappear in chap. 27 as the commanders of David's twelve "courses.") This section seems to consist of elements drawn from different sources and brought together (probably by the author of Samuel) in order t... [ Continue Reading ]
_this_is _the number_ More suitably in Samuel, "These be the names." _Jashobeam_ Called "Jashobeam the son of Zabdiel" in 1 Chronicles 27:2. The name "Jashobeam" is however uncertain. In 2 Sam. (1 Chronicles 23:8, R.V.) it appears as "Josheb-basshebeth," which is certainly wrong. LXX. (B) varies in... [ Continue Reading ]
_Eleazar the son of Dodo_ Probably to be identified with "Dodai the Ahohite," the commander of the second "course"; 1 Chronicles 27:4. _the three mighties_ R.V. THE THREE MIGHTY MEN, i.e. the three who were with David on the occasion mentioned in 2 Samuel 23:9.... [ Continue Reading ]
These verses answer In part to 1 Chronicles 11:9; 1 Chronicles 11:11 of Samuel, but since 1 Chronicles 11:10 and parts of 1 Chronicles 11:9; 1 Chronicles 11:11 of Sam. have no equivalent in Chron., two incidents are confounded, and the name of a hero (Shammah) is omitted, his exploit being ascribed... [ Continue Reading ]
_at Pasdammim_ The same place under the name "Ephes-dammim" is mentioned in 1 Samuel 17:1 as the gathering-place of the Philistines. It was in the S.W. of Judah. _a parcel of ground_ R.V. A PLOT OF GROUND. The same use of "parcel" occurs Genesis 33:19; Ruth 4:3; John 4:5 (even in R.V.). _barley_ S... [ Continue Reading ]
_set themselves_ R.V. STOOD, i.e. "took their stand" (cp. 1 Samuel 17:16 "presented himself"). The subject of the verb in 2 Samuel 23:12 is Shammah, here David and Eleazar together.... [ Continue Reading ]
_the thirty captains_ R.V. THE THIRTY CHIEF. _to the rock_ Samuel "in the harvest-time." Perhaps both readings are wrong, the original reading being the name of a place. LXX. (B) in Sam. has εἰς Καδών. _the cave of Adullam_ Perhaps we should read here (and in 1 Samuel 22:1; 2 Samuel 23:13) "strong... [ Continue Reading ]
_in the hold_ Cp. note on _the cave of Adullam_(1 Chronicles 11:15). _the Philistines" garrison_ R.V. THE GARRISON OF THE PHILISTINES. The word may however mean "the Philistine governor" (so read in 1 Samuel 13:3-4 for the same Heb. word). The parallel passage however (2 Samuel 23:14) has "the garr... [ Continue Reading ]
_give me drink_of _the water_ R.V. GIVE ME WATER TO DRINK. _that_is _at_ R.V. WHICH IS BY (so Sam.).... [ Continue Reading ]
_brake through the host_ The word "host" in the Hebrew means a host encamped, not a host embattled. Perhaps this exploit took place by night; compare the deed of David and Abishai (1 Samuel 26:6-12).... [ Continue Reading ]
_these men that … brought it_ Render, THESE MEN? WITH THE JEOPARDY OF THEIR LIVES, YEA, OF THEIR LIVES THEY BROUGHT IT. _three mightiest_ R.V. THREE MIGHTY MEN (so Sam.).... [ Continue Reading ]
_chief of the three_ In 2 Samuel 23:18 (C'thîb) Abishai is called by the same title (Heb. _rôsh hasshâlîshi_) as Josheb-basshebeth (_ib._2 Samuel 23:8). This title probably means _chief of the third part_[_of the army_; cp. 2 Samuel 23:11, note. _Chief of the three_is a faulty reading. _for lifting... [ Continue Reading ]
_Of the three he was more honourable than the two_ R.V. mg. "Of the three in the second rank he was the most honourable." The word, translated "in the second rank," is however certainly corrupt (cp. 2 Samuel 23:19), and should be corrected. We then translate: HE WAS MORE HONOURABLE THAN THE THREE. T... [ Continue Reading ]
_Benaiah_ See 2 Samuel 8:18; 1 Kings 1:8 ff; 1 Kings 2:25-35. _Kabzeel_ It was in the south of Judah; Joshua 15:21. _done many acts_ R.V. DONE MIGHTY DEEDS. _he slew two lionlike men of Moab_ R.V. "_the two_sons _of Ariel of Moab_" (so LXX. of 2 Samuel 23:20). The phrase however is very difficult... [ Continue Reading ]
_of_great _stature_ Heb. "of measurement." Samuel has a better reading, "a goodly man" (man of presence), "goodliness" according to the Hebrews consisting in being well-built for warlike exercises. _a staff_ Heb. -shebhet," i.e. the "rod" or "club" carried by shepherds as a defence against wild-bea... [ Continue Reading ]
_had the name among the three mighties_ R.V. HAD A NAME AMONG THE THREE MIGHTY MEN; cp. 1 Chronicles 5:20.... [ Continue Reading ]
_he was honourable among the thirty_ R.V. (cp. 1 Chronicles 11:21), HE WAS MORE HONOURABLE THAN THE THIRTY. The verse probably comes from some poem written in praise of Benaiah. Cp. 1 Chronicles 27:6. _but attained not to the_first _three_ Cp. note on 1 Chronicles 11:21. _guard_ The same Heb. word... [ Continue Reading ]
_Also the valiant_men _of the armies_were, _Asahel_ Render, AND THE VALIANT MEN OF MIGHT; ASAHEL. Cp. 1 Chronicles 2:16; 2Sa 2:18 ff; 2 Samuel 3:27. _Elhanan_ Called here (2 Samuel 23:14) "son of Dodo," but probably to be identified with "Elhanan the son of Jair" of 1 Chronicles 20:5 (2 Samuel 21:19... [ Continue Reading ]
_the Harorite_ Read, THE HERODITE (so Sam.). Cp. Judges 6:23; Judges 7:1, whence it appears that Harod was in (or near) the valley of Jezreel. Cp. also 1 Chronicles 27:8 ("Shamhuth the Izrahite"), where the same person seems to be meant. "Elika the Harodite" (Sam.) is not found in Chron. _Helez the... [ Continue Reading ]
_Ira the son of Ikkesh the Tekoite_ Cp. 1 Chronicles 27:9. For _Tekoa_see 2 Chronicles 20:20, note. _Abi-ezer the Antothite_ R.V. ABI-EZER THE ANATHOTHITE; 1 Chronicles 27:12 and 2 Samuel 23:27. Anathoth was in Benjamin; it was Jeremiah's village (Jeremiah 1:1; Jeremiah 11:21 ff.), now _Anâta_, 2½... [ Continue Reading ]
_Sibbecai_ So 1 Chronicles 27:11, but in 2 Samuel 23:27 "Mebunnai." _the Hushathite Hushah_is probably the name of some place near Beth-lehem (1 Chronicles 4:4). _Shuah_(_ib._1 Chronicles 4:11) is perhaps another form of the name. _Ilai_ In 2 Samuel 23:28 "Zalmon." The two words are more alike in... [ Continue Reading ]
_Maharai the Netophathite_ So in 1 Chronicles 27:13, with "of the Zerahites" (R.V.) added. A _Netophathite_might come either from Netophah (a village in Judah not far from Beth-lehem), or from the "villages of the Netophathites" (1 Chronicles 9:16, note). _Heled_ In 1 Chronicles 27:15 "Heldai," a n... [ Continue Reading ]
_Ithai_ In 2 Samuel 23:29 "Ittai," the same name as in 2 Samuel 15:19; 2 Samuel 18:2, but a different person is meant. _that pertained to_ R.V. of. _Benaiah the Pirathonite_ So in 1 Chronicles 27:14; 2 Samuel 23:30. Pirathon was a town in Ephraim; Judges 12:15. Probably the place is mentioned also... [ Continue Reading ]
_Hurai_ In 2 Samuel 23:30, "Hiddai." The true form of the name is uncertain; neither form occurs elsewhere. _Gaash_ A mountain in Ephraim; Judges 2:9 (Joshua 24:30). _Abiel_ In 2 Samuel 23:31 "Abi-albon." "Arbathite" means "inhabitant of Beth Arabah"; Joshua 15:6, a town on the border between Juda... [ Continue Reading ]
_Baharumite_ In 2 Samuel 23:31 "Barhumite." We should read in both places, BAHURIMITE, i.e. "inhabitant of Bahurim," a town of Benjamin (2 Samuel 3:16). _Shaalbonite_ i.e. "inhabitant of Shaalbim" (Judges 1:35), or "Shaalabbin" (Joshua 19:42), a town in Dan.... [ Continue Reading ]
_the sons of Hashem the Gizonite_ The corresponding clause in 2 Samuel 23:32 is simply "the sons of Jashen." The text is corrupt in both places. LXX. (Chron.) for _the sons of_has the proper name "Benaiah." Read perhaps "Jashen the Gunite" (cp. Numbers 26:48) omitting _the sons of_(Heb. _bĕnç_) as a... [ Continue Reading ]
_Sacar_ In 2 Sam. "Sharar.... [ Continue Reading ]
_Eliphal the son of Ur, Hepher the Mecherathite_ In 2 Samuel 23:34 "Eliphelet the son of Ahasbai, the son of the Maachathite." Chron. has two heroes against one in 2 Sam.... [ Continue Reading ]
_Ahijah the Pelonite_ A mutilated reading of 2 Samuel 23:34, "Eliam the son of Ahithophel the Gilonite." For "Ahithophel" see 1 Chronicles 27:33, note. "Gilonite" means "inhabitant of Giloh," a town in the hill country of Judah (Joshua 15:51).... [ Continue Reading ]
_Hezro_ So 2 Samuel 23:35 (R.V. following the _C'thîb_); but Hezrai (A.V. following the _Krî_). _the Carmelite_ i.e. inhabitant of Carmel, a town in the hill country of Judah (1 Samuel 25:2 ff). _Naarai_ In 2 Samuel 23:35, "Paarai." The true form of the name is lost. _the son of Ezbai_ In 2 Sam.... [ Continue Reading ]
_Joel the brother of Nathan, Mibhar Mibhar_is a corruption of a word ("of Zobah") belonging to the first clause of the verse; cp. 2 Samuel 23:36, "Igal the son of Nathan of Zobah." For "Zobah" cp. 1 Chronicles 18:3. _the son of Haggeri_ In 2 Sam. "Bani the Gadite.... [ Continue Reading ]
_the Berothite_ Spelt generally "Beerothite." Beeroth was a Benjamite town; 2 Samuel 4:2.... [ Continue Reading ]
_the Ithrite_ i.e. "member of the family (or -clan") of Jether." Cp. 1 Chronicles 2:17, note.... [ Continue Reading ]
_Uriah the Hittite_ Cp. 2 Samuel 11:3. The list in 2 Samuel 23 closes with this name and with the note "thirty and seven in all." In Chron. the list is extended to include sixteen additional names. 41b 47 (no parallel in 2 Sam). Continuation of the List of David's Mighty Men... [ Continue Reading ]
_and thirty with him_ This clause is probably a marginal note taken into the text at the wrong place. It was apparently meant to stand after the name of Uriah the Hittite (1 Chronicles 11:41) by some scribe who followed our present text and referred "the sons of Hashem" (1 Chronicles 11:34) to Azmav... [ Continue Reading ]
_the Ashterathite_ i.e. inhabitant of Ashtaroth (1 Chronicles 6:71 [56 _Heb._), a city of Manasseh east of Jordan. _and Jehiel the sons of Hothan_ R.V. AND JEIEL THE SONS OF HOTHAM. _the Aroerite_ i.e. inhabitant of Aroer. There were two cities of this name, both east of Jordan; cp. Joshua 13:16;... [ Continue Reading ]
_the Mahavite_ Read perhaps, "the Mahanite," i.e. inhabitant of Mahanaim, a town east of Jordan; cp. 2 Samuel 17:27.... [ Continue Reading ]
_the Mesobaite_ R.V. THE MEZOBAITE. Read perhaps, "of Zobah"; cp. 1 Chronicles 11:38, note.... [ Continue Reading ]