1 Chronicles 11:15

the thirty captains R.V. the thirty chief.

to the rock Samuel "in the harvest-time." Perhaps both readings are wrong, the original reading being the name of a place. LXX. (B) in Sam. has εἰς Καδών.

the cave of Adullam Perhaps we should read here (and in 1 Samuel 22:1; 2 Samuel 23:13) "strong hold of Adullam." It is called "the hold" (strong hold) in 1 Samuel 22:4. G. A. Smith (Hist. Geog.p. 229) suggests an identification with a commanding hill in the Shephelah called -Aid-el-ma. It is about twelve miles to the S.W. of Beth-lehem.

the valley of Rephaim Probably the broad depression traversed by the road from Jerusalem to Beth-lehem. See Joshua 15:8 ("vale of Rephaim" R.V.; "valley of the giants" A.V.).