Daniel 8:21

the rough he - goat Daniel 8:5. The word rendering -rough" (sâ-îr), treated as a subst., is the usual old Hebrew word for a he-goat (Genesis 37:31, &c.): the word here rendered -he-goat" (ṣâphîr) being properly the Aramaic word for the same animal (Ezra 6:17, and in the Targums), and being found in Heb. only in late passages (Daniel 8:5; Daniel 8:8; 2 Chronicles 29:21; Ezra 8:35). Perhaps, therefore, sâ-îris not intended here to be an adj., but is simply the old Heb. synonym of ṣâphîr, added by way of explanation; and the whole expression should be rendered simply the he-goat.

Grecia or, as we should now say, Greece. So Daniel 10:20; Daniel 11:2 (but Zechariah 9:13 -Greece"); and similarly Greciansfor Greeks, Joel 3:6; Acts 6:1 al.The Heb. (both here and elsewhere) is Yavan, Genesis 10:2; Genesis 10:4 = 1 Chronicles 1:5; 1 Chronicles 1:7; Isaiah 66:19; Ezekiel 27:13; Ezekiel 27:19 (?), i.e. Ἰάϝων, Ἰάϝον-ες, the name by which the -Greeks" were known also to the Assyrians and Egyptians. The reason is to be found in the fact that the -Ionians" on the west coast of Asia Minor were that branch of the Greeks which was the earliest to develope civilization, and to engage extensively in commerce; it was thus the first to become generally known in the Eastern world.

the first king i.e. Alexander the Great.