Defeat of -Ôg, King of Bashan Israel advancing N. towards Bashan encountered -Ôg at Edre-î (1). Jehovah delivered him into their hands (2 f.); they took all his cities, 60 in Argob, his kingdom within Bashan, fenced cities, with also many unwalled towns (4 f.); and devoted them to Jehovah, reservin... [ Continue Reading ]
_turned, and went up_ See on Deuteronomy 1:7. _Bashan_ Heb. _the Bashan_, so in all historical statements and sometimes in poetry in which however the article is oftener omitted (_HGHL_, 549 _n_. 7). In its wider sense the name covered all the land from the. Yarmûk to Ḥermon, Deuteronomy 4:43; Deute... [ Continue Reading ]
Duet Deuteronomy 1:6 to Deuteronomy 3:29. Historical Part of the First Introductory Discourse Spoken in the land of Moab (Deuteronomy 1:5) in _the gai_or _glen, over against Beth Pe-or_(Deuteronomy 3:29), a review of Israel's experiences since they left Ḥoreb. In the Plur. form of address except fo... [ Continue Reading ]
_delivered … into thy hand_ See Deuteronomy 1:27. _As thou didst unto Sîḥôn_, Deuteronomy 2:33 f.... [ Continue Reading ]
_none … remaining_ Deuteronomy 2:34.... [ Continue Reading ]
_all the region of Argob_ So Deuteronomy 13 f.; 1 Kings 4:13 and nowhere else. The Heb. for _region_means a definitely measured or outlined piece of land, and "Argob seems connected with _regeb, clod_, and analogous to our -glebe." The Targums take it as Trachonitis or the Trachon of the Greek perio... [ Continue Reading ]
_the unwalled towns_ Heb. _towns of the Perazi_, or _country-folk; perazôth_, Ezekiel 38:11, are open, rural places in contrast to fenced cities.... [ Continue Reading ]
_and we utterly destroyed them_, etc.] See Deuteronomy 2:34 f.... [ Continue Reading ]
_the two kings of the Amorites_ Deuteronomy 2:26 to Deuteronomy 3:7. -Ôg-s people have not previously been called Amorites: cp. Deuteronomy 4:47; Deuteronomy 31:4, and the editorial Joshua 2:10; Joshua 9:10; Joshua 24:8; Joshua 12 _b. Amorite_apparently in the same general sense as in E, e.g. Joshua [ Continue Reading ]
Allotment of the Conquered Lands Thus Israel had taken the two Amorite kingdoms, from the "Arnon to Ḥermon (Deuteronomy 3:8) on which a note is given (Deuteronomy 3:9) that is, from S. to N., the towns of the Mo-ab Plateau, all Gile-ad and Bashan (Deuteronomy 3:10); then a note on -Ôg (Deuteronomy... [ Continue Reading ]
Archaeological Note. As a natural boundary, separating several nations, Ḥermôn has a name in the language of each. The Phoenicians, Heb. Ṣidonians, on the W. called it _Siriôn_(cp. Psalms 29:6), the Amorites _Senîr_, its name in an inscription of Salmanassar II, Sanîru, when he crossed from the coas... [ Continue Reading ]
_all the cities of_, etc.] This follows immediately on Deuteronomy 3:8, showing that Deuteronomy 3:9 is an inserted gloss, and details the land summarised in 8, from S. to N. _the plain_ Rather, PLATEAU (Heb. _ham-Mishôr_), i.e. of Mo-ab; E, Numbers 21:10: _field of M_. _all Gilead_ From the N. en... [ Continue Reading ]
Archaeological Note. _-Ôg_was the last survivor of the Repha-îm (see on Deuteronomy 1:28). _Bedstead_, rather SARCOPHAGUS, for though the Heb. _-eres_elsewhere means _couch_, its synonyms _miṭah_(2 Samuel 3:31) and _mishkab_(Isaiah 57:2; Ezekiel 32:25) are used for _bier_and _tomb_(the latter too in... [ Continue Reading ]
_And this land we took_ The discourse resumed from Deuteronomy 3:10; a more exact definition of the same lands. _from Aroer … by the valley of Arnon_ 13 MSS and some Versions read _on the lip of A_., as in Deuteronomy 2:36. _half … Gilead_ As far as the Jabboḳ; to R e "uben and Gad. P, Numbers 32:... [ Continue Reading ]
_the rest of Gilead_ From the Jabboḳ to the Yarmûḳ. This, with _all Bashan, the kingdom of -Ôg_, fell to the half-tribe of Manasseh, and is further defined as _all the region of Argob_(see Deuteronomy 3:4). R.V. following the Heb. punctuation adds _even all Bashan_, but as Rev. Marg. suggests, this... [ Continue Reading ]
Archaeological Note. It begins with the last clause of Deuteronomy 3:13; see above. This reference of the conquest of Argob to Ya"îr contrasts with Deuteronomy 3:4, which assign it to Israel under Moses, and differs from Numbers 32:41, which places the Ḥawwôth-Ya"îr in Gilead; cp. 1 Kings 4:13, and... [ Continue Reading ]
_And I gave Gilead unto Machir_ Not irreconcilable with Deuteronomy 3:12 where the N. half of Gile-ad is assigned to half-Manasseh, for Machir was held to have been the first and only son of Manasseh, and, apparently, is even taken for all Manasseh (Judges 5:14; Numbers 26:29?). Yet there is force i... [ Continue Reading ]
_And unto the Reubenites_, etc.] Since this verse repeats what is already stated, it also is regarded as secondary. -The language of 16, however, is harmonious with that of Deuteronomy 2:36, and it is possible that this sequence represents the older form of the narrative, before the incorporation of... [ Continue Reading ]
_the Arabah also, and Jordan_ FOR A _border_ The territory included the E. strip of the -Arabah hence _eastwards_at the end of the verse with the Jordan as its W. limit, and this between _Chinnereth_on the N. and _the Sea of the -Arabah_on the S. On the -Arabah see Deuteronomy 1:1. _Kinnéreth_was a... [ Continue Reading ]
_And I commanded you Them_would be more natural, which some read; retain _you_, a symptom of the want of absolute preciseness in the writer's style. _armed_ It is doubtful whether that is the original meaning of the Heb. word or _with loins girt_, or _stripped_of superfluous clothing, _expeditus_;... [ Continue Reading ]
Directions to the Two-and-a-Half Tribes and to Joshua At that time Moses charged the two-and-a-half tribes to send their warriors over Jordan till the conquest there was completed, leaving their families and cattle in the cities already given them (18 20). At that time, too, he charged Joshua (21 f... [ Continue Reading ]
_much cattle_ Cp. Numbers 32:1. In the O.T. Mo-ab, Gile-ad and Bashan, the seats of the two and a half tribes, are celebrated for their cattle, imported thence to W. Palestine, which has inferior pastures. See the writer's _Jerusalem_, i. 307, 321 ff. and _HGHL_, 523 f. _which I have given you_ Deu... [ Continue Reading ]
_until the Lord give rest_ So Deuteronomy 12:10; Deuteronomy 25:19, the deuteronomic Joshua 1:13; Joshua 1:15; Joshua 21:44; Joshua 22:4; Joshua 23:1, and not elsewhere in the Hex. in this sense, though the verb occurs in other meanings. _beyond Jordan_ The standpoint of the speaker correctly observ... [ Continue Reading ]
_Thine eyes have seen_ Rather, THINE OWN EYES ARE THEY THAT SAW. The appeal to personal experience is characteristic of Deuteronomy: cp. Deuteronomy 4:3; Deuteronomy 11:7. LXX reads _your eyes_; but _thine_is confirmed by Sam. _your God_ LXX B _our God_. Omit with Sam. The formula has been added by... [ Continue Reading ]
_Ye shall not fear them_ We may either take this Pl. as intended to comprise all the people with Joshua; or read, with Sam., some codd. of the LXX, and the Syriac, _thou shall not fear them_. Which was the original it is impossible to say. All the versions have the Pl. in the last clause (LXX, B _ou... [ Continue Reading ]
_And I besought the Lord_ In the Pent. the Heb. verb is used with the Deity only here; but _to beseech_man in E, Genesis 42:21.... [ Continue Reading ]
Moses" Prayer and its Rejection At that time Moses besought God to finish what He had begun and show him all His greatness (Deuteronomy 3:23 f.), by letting him cross Jordan and view the whole land (Deuteronomy 3:25). Wroth with him on Israel's account God refused (Deuteronomy 3:26) and bade him as... [ Continue Reading ]
_O Lord God_ Heb. MY LORD JEHOVAH. _thou hast begun_ But not fulfilled in my sight! A pathetic emphasis. Moses prayed to see with his own eyes the completion of the great Providence carried so far at his hands. This temper is characteristic of all Deuteronomy: the passion to experience the full-roun... [ Continue Reading ]
_the good land_ Deuteronomy 1:35. _that goodly mountain_ To this day in Syria a whole range is called in the sing. _mountain_; and in fact from Nebo and the Ghôr below it all W. Palestine appears one compact mountain-mass. _and Lebanon_ In clear weather Ḥermon, the summit of what is now particular... [ Continue Reading ]
_But the Lord was wroth with me_ Heb. _hith-abber_(lit. _to exceed bounds) was enraged_, a stronger term than that in Deuteronomy 1:37, the note on which see for the whole of this verse.... [ Continue Reading ]
_the top of Pisgah_ Rather, THE HEADLAND OF THE PISGAH. See on Deuteronomy 3:17, and cp. Deuteronomy 32:48 ff., Deuteronomy 34:1, and small print on Deuteronomy 12:2.... [ Continue Reading ]
_But charge Joshua_ See notes introd. to this and the previous section. In P (Numbers 27:15-21) the charge to Joshua precedes the arrangement with the two and a half tribes (Numbers 32), while in D it follows. No stress can be laid on this difference as D's term _at that time_is vague. But see Dri.... [ Continue Reading ]
_the valley over against Beth-peor_ Heb. _the gai_= _hollow, glen, ravine_, inapplicable to the Jordan plain; rather one of the glens descending to this from the Moab-plateau. That suits the probable meaning of P e -or, gap or cleft (Ar. _fughrah_, -a river-mouth"; cp. the -other Phogor" of Euseb. a... [ Continue Reading ]