Moses is commanded to hew two tables of stone, like those which he had broken, and to take them up the mount to Jehovah, _vv._1 5. Proclamation of Jehovah's moral character in the promised theophany, _vv._6 8. Moses again entreats Jehovah to forgive His people's sin, and to go with them to Canaan, _... [ Continue Reading ]
Moses is commanded to hew two tables of stone, similar to those which he had broken (Exodus 32:19), and bring them up Sinai to Jehovah. The former tables are said (Exodus 32:16) to have been themselves God's handiwork: in the new tables only the writing is to be His.... [ Continue Reading ]
_be ready_ Cf. Exodus 19:10. STATION THYSELF FOR _me_ The same word as in Exodus 33:21. _the top of the mount_ Exodus 19:20; Exodus 24:17.... [ Continue Reading ]
The precautions are similar to those taken in Exodus 19:12 f. _before_ rather, _in front of_, i.e. on the slopes in front of the mountain, towards its foot. As was pointed out on p. 347, the historical retrospect in Deuteronomy 9:8-29 is based largely upon Exodus 32, and contains numerous verbal e... [ Continue Reading ]
_and_ HE (Moses) TOOK HIS STAND (cf. _v._2) _with him there, and_ CALLED UPON _the name of_ JEHOVAH] i.e. invoked Him in worship. The marg. must be followed: the subject of the verbs is Moses (see Exodus 33:21). The sequel follows in _v._10. _Called upon_is lit. -called _with_," i.e. used the name i... [ Continue Reading ]
Description of the theophany promised in Exodus 33:19-23. The theophany consists essentially in a proclamation of the glories of Jehovah's _moral_nature, developed with special reference to the occasion giving rise to the theophany, and emphasizing the predominance of the Divine attributes of mercy... [ Continue Reading ]
_keeping mercy_, &c. hence, with -doing" for -keeping," Exodus 20:6. _forgiving iniquity_, &c. Cf. Micah 7:18. _will by no means clear_the guilty] so Numbers 14:18; Nahum 1:3 a, Jeremiah 30:11 = Jeremiah 46:28 (EVV., here, -will in no wise _leave unpunished_"). The verb is the one rendered _hold g... [ Continue Reading ]
Moses now reverently does obeisance (cf. Exodus 4:31; Exodus 12:27).... [ Continue Reading ]
Jehovah's -ways" (Exodus 33:13) and character having now been disclosed to Moses, he again entreats Jehovah, who is ready to forgive (_v._7a), to pardon His people's sin, and give proof that He has again received them into His favour, by going personally with them to Canaan. Exodus 33:14 (see note)... [ Continue Reading ]
Jehovah declares His purpose of concluding a covenant with His people, to be confirmed by wonders of a character to convince all of His power and greatness. The wonders meant are such as those narrated in Numbers 11:16; Numbers 11:20; Numbers 11:21, &c. The verse, however, is hardly an answer to _v.... [ Continue Reading ]
The (re-)establishment of the covenant, with the laws upon which it is based. The passage belongs in the main to E; but it has probably been enlarged in parts with hortatory additions by the compiler. We have met with some such additions before, in Exodus 20:22 to Exodus 23:33; and they are found el... [ Continue Reading ]
_that which I_ AM COMMANDING _thee this day_ viz. the injunction which follows (_v._12 ff.), to have no dealings with the Canaanites. The formula is one which is extremely common in Dt. (Deuteronomy 4:40; Deuteronomy 6:6; Deuteronomy 7:11; Deuteronomy 8:1; Deuteronomy 8:11 &c.). _behold_, &c. Jehov... [ Continue Reading ]
The conditions of the covenant, i.e. the laws upon the acceptance of which its establishment depends. The laws themselves seem to have received parenetic additions from the compiler.... [ Continue Reading ]
No alliance to be entered into with the Canaanites, lest intercourse with them seduce Israel into idolatry (comp. Exodus 23:24; Exodus 23:32 f., Deuteronomy 7:2-5).... [ Continue Reading ]
_Take heed to thyself_ Also a phrase common in Dt. (Deuteronomy 4:9; Deuteronomy 4:23; Deuteronomy 6:12 Heb., Deuteronomy 8:11 Heb., Deuteronomy 11:16 _al._). _lest thou make_, &c. Cf. Exodus 23:32. _a snare_ i.e. an allurement to ruin: cf. Exodus 23:33 b with the note.... [ Continue Reading ]
The altars and religious emblems of the Canaanites to be utterly destroyed. Cf. Exodus 23:24, with the references; and the almost verbal repetitions in Deuteronomy 7:5; Deuteronomy 12:3. _pillars_ or STANDING-STONES: see on Exodus 23:24. _Ashçrim_ The plur. of _Ashçrâh_, the sacred wooden (see Deut... [ Continue Reading ]
_thou shalt_ NOT _worship_ ANY _other god_ Cf. the plural -other gods," in Exodus 20:3. -Worship" is lit. _bow down_(Exodus 20:5), as regularly. _whose name is Jealous_ on -name" (-character"), see on Exodus 33:19. _a jealous God_ as Exodus 20:5, where see the note.... [ Continue Reading ]
_go a whoring after_ a term of disparagement for, -desert Jehovah for." The same expression, _v._16, Deuteronomy 31:16 (J); Leviticus 17:7; Leviticus 20:5 (Heb. - _after_Molech"), both H; Judges 2:17; Judges 8:27; Judges 8:33 (all the Deut. compiler); Ezekiel 20:30; 1 Chronicles 5:25 [ Continue Reading ]
The consequences likely to follow from any alliance with the Canaanites: participation in their rites, and intermarriage with them, leading (_v._16b) to still further idolatry.... [ Continue Reading ]
_and thou take_, &c. Intermarriage with Canaanites is forbidden, for the same reason, in Deuteronomy 7:3 f.; cf. Joshua 23:12 (D 2 [221]), and Judges 3:6 (where disregard of the prohibition is said to have been followed by the same consequences which are here apprehended). [221] Deuteronomic passag... [ Continue Reading ]
MOLTEN GODS THOU SHALT NOT MAKE THEE] Cf. Leviticus 19:4 (H) -And _molten gods ye shall not make you_"; also, for the general thought, Exodus 20:23. _Vv._18 26 agree, for the most part verbally, with Exodus 13:13-14; Exodus 23:12; Exodus 23:15-19. The agreements and differences will be seen most c... [ Continue Reading ]
See on Exodus 23:15 a. 19, 20A (to _redeem_). See on Exodus 13:12-13.... [ Continue Reading ]
_and all_, &c. Something must be out of order: since the first born of cattle are included among -all that first openeth the womb," -mine" cannot logically be the predicate of _and all_&c. Perhaps (Di.) _thou shalt sanctify_(Deuteronomy 15:19), or _sacrifice, unto me_has fallen out after -sheep." Th... [ Continue Reading ]
_in plowing time_, &c. i.e. even at times when the need of working continuously might seem most urgent. For clause a, see on Exodus 23:12.... [ Continue Reading ]
See on Exodus 23:16. _Feast of weeks_is a name derived (see Deuteronomy 16:9) from the -seven weeks" the average duration of harvest-time by which this feast followed the commencement of harvest. The same expression is used in Deuteronomy 16:10; Deuteronomy 16:16; 2 Chronicles 8:13 †. HOLD THEE] See... [ Continue Reading ]
_appear before_ read probably SEE THE FACE OF. See on Exodus 23:17.... [ Continue Reading ]
An ideal picture. The Israelites may feel quite secure in observing these pilgrimages; _for_their enemies will be dispossessed, and their territory enlarged, so that, even though their men are absent from their homes on pilgrimage, no one will think of invading their land. _cast out_ DISPOSSESS (Jud... [ Continue Reading ]
See on Exodus 23:18. In cl. b what in Exodus 23:18 is prescribed apparently for all festal sacrifices is here referred specifically to the passover, -fat," which is not elsewhere mentioned in connexion with the passover, being changed into -sacrifice," which would refer naturally to the flesh of the... [ Continue Reading ]
See on Exodus 23:19.... [ Continue Reading ]
These words, i.e. the commands of _vv._11 26, are to be written down by Moses; for they constitute the conditions upon which Jehovah establishes His covenant (_vv._10, 27) with Israel. -The verse is J's parallel to Exodus 24:3-8 in E" (Di.). _after the tenor of_ The expression used in Genesis 43:7.... [ Continue Reading ]
_the two tables of the testimony_ as Exodus 31:18 a; cf. on Exodus 25:16. _shone_ viz. from the reflexion of the Divine glory (Exodus 24:16 f.). The Heb. verb is a peculiar one, recurring only _vv._30, 35: it is a denominative from _ḳéren_, -horn," in the sense of _ray_(see Habakkuk 3:4), and means... [ Continue Reading ]
The shining of Moses" face when he came down after God's converse with him on the mountain. The sequel in P to Exodus 24:15-18 a, Exodus 25:1 to Exodus 31:18 a (Di.).... [ Continue Reading ]
_the rulers_ IN _the congregation_ See on Exodus 16:22.... [ Continue Reading ]
_all that_, &c. The directions given in chs. 25 31.... [ Continue Reading ]
_a veil_ The Heb. word (_masweh_) occurs only here and _vv._34, 35.... [ Continue Reading ]
The glow alarmed the Israelites: Moses, therefore, put a veil on his face, which he wore ever afterwards, except when he went in to speak with God, or while he was communicating to the people the Divine message which he had received: in ordinary life the reflexion of the Divine glory upon his face w... [ Continue Reading ]
_went in before_ JEHOVAH] viz. into the Tent of Meeting (which is here presupposed): cf. Exodus 25:22; Numbers 7:89. Comp. 2 Corinthians 3:7-18, noticing (1) that St Paul interprets the narrative allegorically, assigning as the reason why Moses used to put on the veil, not that the Israelites might... [ Continue Reading ]
_But_ WHENEVER _Moses went in_… _he_ WOULD TAKE …; _and he_ WOULD COME _out, and_ SPEAK …; _and the children of Israel_ WOULD SEE …, _and Moses_ WOULD PUT, &c. The tenses are throughout frequentative, describing Moses" habitual practice.... [ Continue Reading ]