to a rebellious nation Rather, nations. First the people are called the children of Israel, then described more particularly as "nations," the reference being either to the two houses of Israel, the north and south, or to the people as a whole considered as consisting of larger divisions (Psalms 106:5) as "peoples" is used elsewhere (Hosea 10:14; Deuteronomy 33:19). There hardly lies in "nations" any suggestion that they were as the "heathen." The general character of the people is described as "rebellious;" and they had "rebelled" continuously throughout all their history, they and their fathers; cf. ch. Ezekiel 16:23. Israel is a moral person, with an unbroken identity all through its history; and its disposition has been uniformly disobedient it is a rebellious house.

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