Ashkenaz Mentioned in Jeremiah 51:27 along with Ararat; and now generally identified with the region of Armenia. It is worth noticing that the mediaeval Jews explained this name as denoting Germany. Thus the Ashkenazim are the German Jews.

Riphath In 1 Chronicles 1:6 the name appears as "Diphath." The letters, R (ר) and D (ד), are very similar in Hebrew. Cf. "Dodanim" for "Rodanim," Genesis 10:4. Josephus identified "Riphath" with the Paphlagonians. The name is now unknown.

Togarmah Mentioned also in Ezekiel 27:14, with Javan, Tubal and Meshech; and in Ezekiel 38:6, with Gomer, and generally identified with the western part of Armenia. Cf. 1 Chronicles 1:6.

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