The first line reads, And the dogs are greedy (lit. "strong of soul," i.e. appetite), they know not how to be satisfied. The charge of cupidity and of selling oracles for gain is one frequently brought against the false prophets (Micah 3:5; Micah 3:11; Jeremiah 6:13; Ezekiel 13:19; Ezekiel 22:25); a contemporary instance may be the incident of Shemaiah (Nehemiah 6:10 ff.). That the priesthood was infected with the same vice of covetousness is shown by Malachi 1:12; on the upper classes generally see Nehemiah 5:7 ff.

and they are shepherds &c.] The meaning can hardly be that those who have been called dogs are really the shepherds of the flock; but it is not easy to obtain a satisfactory sense. Cheyne renders "and these, pastors as they are," taking "pastors" in the figurative sense of rulers. Dillmann with a slight change of the text reads "and even these, the shepherds," supposing that a class of persons different from the "watchmen" (prophets) are now spoken of, viz., the nobles and elders. On any view the sentence is awkward; it adds nothing to the thought, and may originally have been a marginal gloss.

they all look to their own way R.V. they have all turned to their own way; all pursue their selfish interests (cf. Isaiah 53:6).

from his quarter Render, without exception, as Ezekiel 25:9; Genesis 19:4.

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