Joshua 12:2

Sihon king of the Amorites See Numbers 21:24; Deuteronomy 2:33; Deuteronomy 3:6; Deuteronomy 3:16.

who dwelt in Heshbon On the western border of the high plain (Mishor, Joshua 13:17), and on the boundary line between the tribes of Reuben and Gad. "The ruins of Hesbân, 20 miles east of the Jordan, on the parallel of the northern end of the Dead Sea, mark the site, as they bear the name, of the ancient Heshbon." "There is little, of a place once famed in olden story, for the traveller to see. A large piece of walling at the west end of the bold isolated hill, on which the old fortress stood; with a square block house, and a pointed archway adjoining; a temple on the crest of the hill, with the pavement unbroken and the bases of four columns still in situ; on the east, in the plain, just at the base of the hill, a great cistern, called by some -the fish-pools of Hesbon," but more probably only the reservoir for the supply of the city these are all that remain." Tristram's Land of Moab, pp. 338, 339.

from Aroer "which is set on the brenke of the stronde of Arnon," Wyclif. Aroer lay partly on and partly in the Arnon, i. e. on an island, now "Arâir. It was allotted to Reuben (Joshua 13:16), but later came into the possession of Moab (Jeremiah 48:19). Bochardt found ruins with the name "Arâir on the old Roman road, upon the very edge of the precipitous north bank of the Wady Mojeb.

half Gilead Properly Gilead denotes (i) a mountain on the south bank of the Jabbok (Genesis 31:21-48) with a city of the same name; (ii) the immediate neighbourhood of this mountain (Numbers 32:1; Deuteronomy 2:36-37); (iii) the whole mountain district between the Arnon and the Jabbok, now called Belka(see Deuteronomy 34:1; 1 Kings 4:19).

the river Jabbok "The streem of Jabuch," Wyclif, = "the gushing-brook," now the Wady Zurka.