Joshua 12:1-6. Catalogue of the Kings conquered in Eastern Palestine 1. _Now these_ This Chapter may be termed an official summary, suitable to a public record, of the whole territory conquered by Moses and by Joshua. "It contains no new matter, except that certain cities and their rulers are speci... [ Continue Reading ]
_Sihon king of the Amorites_ See Numbers 21:24; Deuteronomy 2:33; Deuteronomy 3:6; Deuteronomy 3:16. _who dwelt in Heshbon_ On the western border of the high plain (_Mishor_, Joshua 13:17), and on the boundary line between the tribes of Reuben and Gad. "The ruins of _Hesbân_, 20 miles east of the Jo... [ Continue Reading ]
_and from the plain_ Rather, AND THE PLAIN, the Arabah, i. e. the eastern part of the Jordan valley, as far as the Sea of Chinneroth. _the sea of Cinneroth_ So called after the city of this name. See above, ch. Joshua 11:2. In the New Testament it is called (_a_) the "Sea of Galilee" (Matthew 4:18;... [ Continue Reading ]
_the coast of Og_ See Numbers 21:33; Numbers 21:35; Deuteronomy 3:4; Deuteronomy 3:10. _at Ashtaroth_ The residence of Og. It is now called _Tel Ashterah_, or _Asherah_. The Tel (_hill_) rises to a height of between fifty and a hundred feet from the level of the plain, in which ruins lie scattered.... [ Continue Reading ]
_and in Salcah_ Identical with the town of _Sûlkhad_at the southern extremity of the _Jebel Haurân_. It was conquered by the Israelites, Deuteronomy 3:10. The town is of considerable size, two or three miles in circumference, surrounding a castle on a lofty isolated hill. "The country is stony and u... [ Continue Reading ]
Catalogue of the Kings vanquished on the West of the Jordan 7. _And these are the kings_ This and the following verse coincide with ch. Joshua 11:16, and Joshua 10:40-42. They introduce the following narrative.... [ Continue Reading ]
_the king of Jericho_ The kings are enumerated generally in the order in which they were conquered. For the overthrow of the kings of Jericho, Ai, Jerusalem, Hebron, Jarmuth, Lachish, Eglon, and Gezer see (_a_) Joshua 6:2 ff.; (_b_) Joshua 8:29; (_c_) Joshua 10:1-5; Joshua 10:33.... [ Continue Reading ]
_Gezer_ The situation of this royal city has lately (see above, Joshua 10:33) been discovered by M. Clermont Ganneau at _Tel-el-Jezar_, about four miles from _Amwâs_(Emmaus), and on the western boundary of the territory of Ephraim. The ruins are extensive, with rock-hewn tombs, quarries, and remains... [ Continue Reading ]
_the king of Debir_ See Joshua 10:39. _the king of Geder_ Somewhere in the lowland of Judah. Possibly the same place as the Gedor mentioned in 1 Chronicles 4:39.... [ Continue Reading ]
_the king of Hormah_ or Zephath, see Judges 1:17. Robinson would place it near the pass of _Es-Sufah_, W.S.W. of the Dead Sea, where the Israelites were defeated by the Canaanites (Numbers 14:44-45), and subsequently the Canaanites by the Israelites (Numbers 21:1-3). _Arad_ Near the wilderness of K... [ Continue Reading ]
_Libnah_ See Joshua 10:29-30. _Adullam_ In the low country of Judah, a place of great antiquity (Genesis 38:1; Genesis 38:12; Genesis 38:20). The limestone cliffs of the locality are pierced with extensive caverns, one of which is famous as the refuge of David (1 Samuel 22:1; 2 Samuel 23:13). The ci... [ Continue Reading ]
_Makkedah_ See Joshua 10:10; Joshua 10:16-17; Joshua 10:21. _Beth-el_ Earlier, Luz, famous for (i) Jacob's dream (Genesis 28:11-19); (ii) the worship of the calves in Jeroboam's reign (1 Kings 12:28-33), hence called Beth-aven = "the house of naught.... [ Continue Reading ]
_Tappuah_ In the Shephelah, or lowland of Judah, on the lower slopes of the mountains of the N. W. portion of Judah, about 12 miles W. of Jerusalem. Now called _Teffûh_. _Hepher_ Mentioned in 1 Kings 4:10. Situation not known.... [ Continue Reading ]
_Aphek_ A royal city of the Canaanites, probably the same as the Aphekah of Joshua 15:53. _Lasharon_ Only mentioned here. The site is unknown.... [ Continue Reading ]
_Madon_ See ch. Joshua 11:1. _Hazor_ Ch. Joshua 11:1; Joshua 11:10.... [ Continue Reading ]
_Shimron-meron_ Ch. Joshua 11:1. _Achshaph_ Joshua 11:1.... [ Continue Reading ]
_Taanach_ Almost always in company with Megiddo, one of the chief towns of the rich district which forms the western portion of the great plain of Esdraelon (1 Kings 4:12). It was a city of the Levites (Joshua 21:25), and was famous for the victory of Barak (Judges 5:19). Under the form Ta'annuk it... [ Continue Reading ]
_Kedesh_ in Issachar, allotted to the Gershonite Levites (1 Chronicles 6:72). Sometimes called Kishon or Kishion (Joshua 21:28). _Jokneam of Carmel_ Or, ON CARMEL, a city of the tribe of Zebulun, allotted with its suburbs to the Merarite Levites (Joshua 21:34). The modern site _Tell Kaimon_stands j... [ Continue Reading ]
_Dor_ See Joshua 11:2. _the nations of Gilgal_ "The kyng of the Gentils (folkis) of Galgal," Wyclif. For the word here rendered "nations" comp. Genesis 10:5, "every one after his tongue, after their families, in their _nations_;" Genesis 14:1, "Tidal king of _nations_." The Gilgal here mentioned is... [ Continue Reading ]
_Tirzah_ Three miles from the city of Samaria, now called _Tellûzah_, of proverbial beauty. Song of Solomon 6:4, "Thou art beautiful, O my love, _as Tirzah_." It was to Shechem afterwards "what Windsor is to London," and became the residence of Jeroboam and his successors (1 Kings 14:17). Here Zimri... [ Continue Reading ]