Titus 1:9

holding fast the faithful word Or, the faithful saying, keeping the connexion with the technical phrase of these Epistles, 1 Timothy 1:15. -Though no one "faithful saying" is quoted, yet it may be used comprehensively of them all, and is here guaranteed by "the teaching" of the Apostle himself." Dr Reynolds.

ashe hath been taught The grammar requires, as R.V., which is according to the teaching. The Teaching of the Twelve Apostlesis the title of a newly discovered manuscript of very early days placed by Bp Lightfoot -somewhere between a.d. 80 110." But its title is not intended to suggest its authorship. We may accept it as the private venture of someone who desires to set forth his views on moral conduct and Church order, believing them to represent the mind of the Apostles. See Introduction, pp. 22, 23. Similarly then -the teaching" here meant is the oral Gospel and Instruction of St Paul.

able by sound doctrine both to exhort Accurately with R.V. (the position of the verb in the clause being noted) able both to exhort in the sound doctrine. -Exhort" has nothing to do with -gainsayers" but refers to the building up by exhortation and comfort of believers. Compare 1 Timothy 5:1, where see note. The -Pastoral" phrase -the sound doctrine" is examined 1 Timothy 5:10, where -the doctrine" is seen to be the equivalent English word, as it is passing into technical use. Didachêon the other hand remains untechnical, -teaching."

and to convince the gainsayers R.V. convict. See note 1 Timothy 5:20.