BIBLE STUDY TEXTBOOK SERIES
THE GOSPEL OF MATTHEW
Volume I-IV
By
Harold Fowler
College Press, Joplin, Missouri
Volume 1:
Copyright 1968
College Press
Volume 2:
Copyright © 1972
College Press Publishing Company
Second Printing - 1975
Third Printing - 1981
Fourth Printing - 1988
Printed and Bound in the
United States of America
All Rights Reserved
Volume 3
International Standard Book Number: 0-89900-030-4
Library of Congress Number: 78-1064
Copyright © 1978
College Press Publishing Company
Second Printing, 1982
Third Printing, 1989
Printed and Bound in the
United States of America
All Rights Reserved
International Standard Book Number: 0-89900-031-2
Volume 4
Copyright © 1985
College Press Publishing Company
Printed and bound in
United States of America
All Rights Reserved
Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 85-072877
International Standard Book Number: 0-89900-032-0
PREFACE
It is predictably a constant feature of commentaries that they do not explain everything one might wish to know. This BIBLE STUDY TEXTBOOK on the Gospel of Matthew is no exception. As problems and questions have arisen in preparing this study, the author would search through other books for help - often in vain. Therefore, if some of the problems one might imagine are not dealt with in this brief study, the reason is that the present author perhaps did not see the problems, or having seen them, saluted them from afar and admitted he was a disciple with much more to learn, or else, having tried to deal with them, failed. As study continued, more material was constantly being uncovered that would have helped clarify the meaning of a passage already touched upon. But in the press of life and ministry it has not always been possible to return to those passages to rewrite.
Grateful acknowledgement is hereby given to Seth Wilson, a student of the life of Jesus, whose helpful teaching has encouraged this study. Notes and attitudes reflected herein are sometimes his and are gratefully passed on to bless other lives. Other sources of information will be documented with just a word in the text; the full reference may be found in the bibliography.
Studying at the feet of the Apostle Matthew has blessed my ministry and personal life manifold. Trying to plumb the depths of his meaning has convinced me that there is yet more down there to enrich the life for as long as one chooses to meditate upon Matthew's independent testimony to the Lord's message contained therein. Therefore, relatively speaking, this first volume of MATTHEW is a putting together of some notes to stimulate the reader to begin his own life-long appreciation of the mind of the Master revealed in the words of His publican Apostle.
The aim of this study is to state in popular language the timeless testimony of Matthew, to indicate some appropriate applications of each truth and to suggest correlations with other commands and explanations made by the Apostles elsewhere in the NT. The THOUGHT QUESTIONS are intended to engage the mind in a lively discussion which should evoke vivid curiosity and opinions about what Jesus actually said or what Matthew actually meant. The FACT QUESTIONS attempt to review the knowledge of the materials from which buildings of understanding are constructed. The PARAPHRASE AND HARMONY is the author's attempt to harmonize all of the available information given in the four Gospels into one coordinated story or discourse so as to reveal connections not seen in the reading of a single Gospel alone. Often a word, phrase or incident recorded by another Evangelist throws light on something that Matthew records without comment or explanation. ALL words printed in italics type in the TEXT are words added by the American Revision Committee to the American Standard Version in order to render a smoother translation, although these words are not in the original Greek. ALL words printed in bold-face type in the NOTES are citations of words or phrases in the ASV text upon which comment is being made.
My prayer is that the God of all truth will forgive what is mistaken or misleading about what is said about His Word herein, bless what is true and graciously accept what I offer to Him as my service over the past years of study and putting together these notes. Further, it is my prayer that these notes will do something to help us better to understand the will of Jesus and move us to enthrone Him more fully as King of our lives.
INTRODUCTION
TO WHOM DID MATTHEW DIRECT HIS BOOK?
The observation has often been urged that this gospel is addressed particularly to the Jews. Its Jewish destination appears, for instance, in the emphasis given to the fulfilment of Old Testament prophecy in the events of Jesus-' life, This, of course, could be overemphasized since all of the other three gospels record fulfilments of the ancient prophecies. Further, this record of Matthew is not Jewish in the sense that its message contradicts the mission of the Church to the Gentile world. If the gospel of Matthew could be said to be answering Jewish attacks upon the Christian message, then it should also be observed that Matthew does not disturb his narration with obtrusive answers to the supposed Jewish attacks. The differences between Matthew's record and that of Mark, Luke and John are not all as clean-cut in this area of deciding to what audience the writer aimed his material, as would be supposed, There are subtle differences of treatment and emphasis, to be sure; a certain special Jewish flavor cannot be denied, But to dogmatize that Matthew did not intend his message for Gentile minds as well as Jewish is to ignore several definite matthaean emphases upon the Gentiles-' interest in Jesus, His interest in them and their need of conversion.
The evidences which point to the Jewish reading public as the aim of Matthew's message, are the following considerations:
1. The genealogy of Jesus is traced back only to David and Abraham whereas Luke traces his genealogical table clear back to Adam.
2. The matthaean account of the Sermon on the Mount reveals the true meaning of righteousness as contrasted with the ideals of the Law and demonstrates the true blessing of citizenship in the Kingdom of God but only hints at the gospel of grace. Its aim is to contrast the superficial views of current Pharisaism with the ultimate goal of driving man to the necessities of faith and salvation by grace. The non-Jewish reader could certainly arrive at the same point by reading the Sermon but probably with less understanding than would one trained in Old Testament religion and hopes for a glorious messianic kingdom.
3. The fulfilments of some 40 Old Testament passages in the life of Jesus is a matter for which a gentile reader would have perhaps some appreciation, if he knew something of the prophetic literature, whereas it would strike instantly to the heart of Jewish messianic interest and hopes. This must not be pushed too far inasmuch as, even today, the gentile mind can be impressed by the concurrence of hundreds of detailed prophecies in the life and ministry of one man. Matthew gives ample evidence that Jesus is the kind of Messiah actually predicted by the prophets and not the Messiah of popular expectation and mistaken rabbinic concept.
Matthew's history of Jesus, while written from the Jewish standpoint for readers trained in the Old Testament religion, is primarily history. It would be unnecessary to call the Gospel by Matthew a defence, and Matthew's purpose chiefly apologetic, except as any historical and objective presentation carries with it its own convincing force. Matthew does not direct his message to the Jewish nation in the sense of upholding current national ideals, or by exalting Jesus as a Jewish political hero capable of fulfilling their materialistic messianic expectations. Rather, he draws Israel's true picture painted in the dark colors of national unbelief that rejected its Messiah. From the adoration of the Magi to the all-inclusive commission given by Jesus to evangelize the entire world, Matthew pictures Jesus as Him in whom the Gentiles may hope. He presents Jesus as Him to whom all unconverted Jews must turn in true repentance.
WHAT IS MATTHEW'S ORDER OR PLAN OF PRESENTATION?
His plan must be deduced from what he actually wrote rather than from any explicit statement that declares whether he intended to follow a strict chronological order or a more generally topical one, since he left no such statement. It seems clear, however, that while arranging his materials, Matthew chose not to be guided by chronological considerations so much as by the desire to present larger sections of Jesus-' teaching. To this supposed end he seems to have collected into one place the teachings on a specific subject which may or may not have all been presented on one given occasion, although all were probably set forth by Jesus during a given period of His ministry. Though Matthew does not declare this intent, it may be deduced by checking the following list of topical examples of Jesus-' preaching, for material that Mark and Luke sometimes describe as having been given on other occasions.
1. Sermon on the Mount
2. Sermon on Evangelism
3. Sermon on John the Baptist
4. Sermon on Unforgiveable Sin
5. Sermon in Parables
6. Sermon on Human Traditions
7. Sermon on Stumbling-blocks and Forgiveness
8. Sermon on Eleventh-hour Laborers
9. Three Parables on Rejected Opportunity
Matthew 21:28 to Matthew 22:14
10. Four Answers to Attackers
11. Sermon Against Religious Leaders
12. Sermon on End of the Jewish State and of the World
13. Sermon on Personal Preparation
Considering the live probability that the Evangelists summarize Jesus-' teaching to provide their readers with the maximum information in the minimum space without losing the heart and power of His message, it should not be surprising to find the same nuggets, that Matthew places at one point, placed on another occasion by Mark or Luke. It is quite probable that Jesus did repeatedly address the same lessons, parables and sermons in equivalent language to men of various localities who had the same sins, identical prejudices and copybook concepts of righteousness and the Kingdom of God. Further, similar events may be confounded by the modern reader, whereas they were actually separate, however closely they might resemble each other.
The plan to be followed in this MATTHEW Study Textbook will be that which follows the order of materials as Matthew himself arranged them. It is not a small temptation to rearrange his material along chronological lines seen most often in Luke's Gospel. Such a rearrangement, with a view to harmonizing the four Gospels, is of great value for showing the coincidence of independent testimony. In addition it would capture more exactly the succession of events as well as provide to the student a sense of progressive continuity from the beginning of Jesus-' preaching as it moves toward His glorification. For instance, it may be confusing to some to learn that, chronologically speaking, Matthew's Chapter s 8, 9, 10, 12 all contain events which probably precede the Sermon on the Mount, recorded in Chapter s 5, 6, 7. However, if it will be remembered that Matthew does not either claim or strive for exact chronological order, then the seemingly contradictory placement of certain events and doctrines will cause no consternation.
For all the advantages to be gained by shifting Matthew's material and reorganizing it according to clearer chronological sequences of Luke, yet there is no little merit in letting Matthew tell his own story. As Apostle of Jesus Christ and inspired by His Holy Spirit, Matthew should be allowed to arrange the Gospel as he deems best. He intended that his systematic collection of the various discourses and events carry to the reader with its own convincing force the sure conviction that this Jesus of Nazareth. who was crucified and raised from the dead, is God's Messianic King. Let those who would criticize Matthew's anachronisms and lack of ordinary historical judgment realise that, after all, Matthew is writing the book and he should be permitted the ordinary literary liberties to group some details according to their nature and import. Matthew is master of his own work: let us hear him tell us about the Lord.
Therefore, in dealing with a specific passage in Matthew which has close verbal parallels that were also spoken on other occasions, primary attention will be given to get at Jesus-' meaning, rather than to decide upon what occasion He said it. Wherever possible to harmonize parallel passages of Mark, Luke or John with the text of Matthew, the PARAPHRASE-HARMONY presents one version of an event, interweaving the various information derived from the parallels. Since other statements made by other eyewitnesses tend to modify, clarify or extend the declarations of the one eyewitness, it is a very desirable goal to have all available testimony in hand before proceeding to interpret any part of it.
SECTIONAL OUTLINE OF MATTHEW
1. Genealogy of Jesus
2. Annunciation to Joseph
3. Visit of the Wisemen
4. Flight into Egypt and Return
5. Preaching of John the Baptist
6. Jesus Is Baptized by John
7. Jesus Is Tempted by the Devil
8. Jesus Preaches in Galilee
9. Jesus Calls Four Fishermen
10. Jesus Preaches and Heals in Galilee
11. Jesus Preaches the Sermon on the Mount
(Matthew 5:1 to Matthew 8:1)
12. Jesus Heals a Leper
13. Jesus Heals a Centurion's Servant
14. Jesus Heals Peter's Mother-in-law
15. Jesus Calls Others to Discipleship
16. Jesus Stills a Tempest
17, Jesus Frees the Gadarene Demoniacs
(Matthew 8:28 to Matthew 9:1)
18. Jesus Forgives and Heals a Paralytic
19. Jesus Calls Matthew Levi
20. Jesus Raises Jairus-' Daughter
21. Jesus Heals Two Blind Men
22. Jesus Evangelizes Galilee
23. Jesus Commissions the Twelve Apostles to Evangelize
24. Jesus Questioned by John, Sermon on John
25. Jesus Condemns Unbelieving Cities and Invites Babes to Come to Him
26. Jesus Answers Charges of Sabbath Breaking
27. Jesus Heals Many
28. Jesus Is Attacked for Casting Out Demon and Charged with Being in League with Satan
29. Jesus Gives the Sign of Jonah
30. Jesus Refuses to Let Fleshly Ties Bind Him
31. Jesus Preaches Great Sermon in Parables
32. Jesus Is Refused by His Own at Nazareth
33. Jesus Hears of the Foul Murder of John the Baptist
(Matthew 14:1-13 a)
34. Jesus Feeds the 5000 and Walks on the Sea
(Matthew 14:13 b - Matthew 14:33)
35. Jesus Heals Some Sick at Gennesaret
36. Jesus Argues with Jerusalem Pharisees about the Traditions
37. Jesus Heals the Syrophoenician Woman's Daughter
38. Jesus Feeds 4000 and Heals Many in Decapolis
(Matthew 15:29-39 a)
39. Jesus Refuses to Give Additional Signs from Heaven
(Matthew 15:39 b - Matthew 16:4)
40. Jesus Warn Disciples Against Influence of Popular Leaders and Parties
41. Jesus Tests Apostles: Peter's Confession
42. Jesus Shows Peter, James and John His Glory
43. Jesus Heals and Frees Demonized Boy
44. Jesus Makes Third Passion Prediction
45. Jesus Quizzes Peter About Temple Taxes
46. Jesus Teaches True Greatness, Temptations, Concern for Least of God-s loved Ones, and Forgiveness
47. Jesus Teaches on Divorce
48. Jesus Blesses the Little Children
49. Jesus Tests Rich Young Ruler and Encourages Apostles
50. Jesus Teaches Parable of the Eleventh Hour Servants
51. Jesus Predicts His Passion Fourth Time
52. Jesus Refuses to Establish Hierarchy
53. Jesus Heals Two Blind Men at Jericho,
54. Jesus Enters in Earthly Triumph into Jerusalem
55. Jesus Cleanses Temple a Last Time and Receives Worship
56. Jesus Curses Fig Tree and Teaches Disciples
57. Jesus Meets Challenges of Authority: Parable of Vineyard
Let Out to Unworthy Tenants
Parable of Slighted Marriage Invitations
58. Jesus Answers Captious Questions
59. Jesus Attacks the Sins of the Righteous
60. Jesus Describes the Last Days of the Jewish State and His Second Coming
(Matthew 24:1 to Matthew 25:46)
61. Jesus Predicts His Own Death a Fifth Time
62. Jesus Is Plotted Against by the Rulers
63. Jesus Is Anointed by Mary of Bethany
64. Judas Agrees with Jesus-' Enemies to Betray Him
65. Jesus Celebrates His Last Passover Feast and Institutes the Lord-s Supper
66. Jesus Predicts Peter's Denials
67. Jesus Prays in Gethsemane
68. Jesus Is Arrested
69. Jesus Is Tried Before Caiaphas
70. Jesus Is Denied by Peter
71. Jesus Is Condemned by Sanhedrin
72. Jesus-' Betrayer Commits Suicide
73. Jesus Tried Before Pilate
(Matthew 27:2; Matthew 27:11-31)
74. Jesus Is Taken Out, Crucified and Buried
75. Pharisees Set Roman Guard to Watch Tomb
76. Jesus Arose!
77. Jesus-' Guards Testify to His Resurrection
78. Jesus Appears and Commissions His- Disciples
BIBLIOGRAPHY [Volume 1]
Aland, Kurt, Synopsis Quattuor Evangeliorum Locis parallelis evangeliorum apocryphorum ed patrum adhibitis edidit. Stuttgart: Wurttembergische Bibelanstalt, 1964.
Arndt, W. F. and Gingrich, F. W. A Geek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1957,
Bales, James D. Jesus the Ideal Teacher, Rosemead, California: Old Paths Publishing, 1963.
Barclay, William. The Gospel of Matthew 2 vols. Edinburgh: Saint Andrew Press, 1958.
Barnes, Albert. Notes on the New Testment: Matthew and Mark. Grand Rapids: Baker Book House, 1964.
Bruce, Alexander Balmain. The Training of the Twelve. Grand Rapids: Zondervan Publishing House, 1963.
Bruce, F. F. Israel and the Nations. From the Exodus to the Fall of the Second Temple. Grand Rapids: Wm. B. Eerdmans, 1963.
Butler, Paul T. The Gospel of]ohn, 2 vols. Joplin, Missouri: College Press, 1965.
Carver, W. O. The Self-Interpretation of Jesus. Nashville: Broadman Press, n.d.
Chambers, Oswald. Studies in the Sermon on the Mount. Fort Washington, Pennsylvania: Oswald Chambers Publications Association and Christian Literature Crusade, 1960.
Dana, H. E. The New Testament World, 3rd ed. revised. Nashville: Broadman Press, 1951.
Edersheim, Alfred. The Life and Times of Jesus the Messiah. 2 vols. Grand Rapids: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co., 1962.
_______, Sketches of Jewish Social Life in the Days of Christ, Grand Rapids: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co., 1960.
Foster, R. C. Studies in the Life of Christ: Introduction and Early Ministry. Grand Rapids: Baker Book House, 1966.
Flavius Josephus. The Complete Works of Flavius Josephus. Translated by William Whiston. Philadelphia: John E. Potter & Co., n.d.
Hendriksen, William. New Testament Commentary: Exposition of the Gospel According to John. Grand Rapids: Baker Book House, 1954.
Lenski, R. C. H. The Interpretation of St. Matthew's Gospel. Columbus: The Wartburg Press, 1943.
Lewis,W. Sunderland and Booth. Henry M. (ed.) The Preacher's Complete Homiletic Commentary on the Gospel According to St. Matthew. Vol. 22. New York: Funk & Wagnalls Co., n.d.
Machen, J. Gresham. The Virgin Birth of Christ. New York: Harper & Brothers Publishers, 1930.
Marshall, L. H. The Challenge of New Testament Ethics. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1360.
McGarvey, J. W. and Pendleton, Philip Y. The Fourfold Gospel. Cincinnati: Standard Publishing Foundation, n.d.
McGarvey, J. W. The New Testament Commentary. Vol. I. Matthew and Mark, Delight, Arkansas: Gospel Light Publishing Company, n.d.
Orr, James. (ed.) The International Standard Bible Encyclopedia. 5 vols. Grand Rapids: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co., 1960.
Pfeiffer, Charles F. Between the Testaments. Grand Rapids: Baker Book House, 1959.
Pink, Arthur W. An Exposition of the Sermon on the Mount. Grand Rapids: Baker Book House, 1962.
Plummer, Alfred. The International Critical Commentary: A Critical and Exegetical Commentary on the Gospel according to S. Luke 5th ed. Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark, 1953.
Thomas, Leslie G. The Sermon on the Mount: A Series of Studies in the Moral and Religious Teachings of Jesus. Nashville: Gospel Advocate Company, 1958.
Tenney, Merrill C. New Testament Times. Grand Rapids: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, 1965.
Trench, R. C. Notes on the Parables of Our Lord. Popular edition. Grand Rapids: Baker Book House, 1958.
Unger, Merril F. Archaelogy and the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Zondervan Publishing House, 1962.
Wieand, Albert Cassell. A New Harmony of the Gospels. Grand Rapids: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co., 1956.
BIBLIOGRAPHY [Volume 2]
Broomall, Wick. Biblical Criticism, Grand Rapids, 1957.
Henry, Carl F. H. Article: Inspiration, Baker's Dictionary of Theology, Grand Rapids, 1960.
Marcel, Pierre Ch. Our Lord's Use of Scripture, Revelation and the Bible, Grand Rapids, 1960.
Miller, H. S. General Biblical Introduction, New York, 1958.
Orr, James. Revelation and Inspiration, New York, 1910.
Rimmer, Harry. Internal Evidence of Inspiration, Grand Rapids, 1946.
Symposium by the faculty of Westminster Theological Seminary. The Infallible Word. Grand Rapids, 1953.
Tasker, R. V. G. The Old Testament in the New Testament, New York, 1954.
Unger, Merrill F. Unger's Bible Dictionary, Chicago, 1957.
Von Allmen, J. J. A Companion to the Bible, New York, 1958.
Warfield, Benjamin B. Inspiration, International Standard Bible Encyclopedia, Eerdmans, Grand Rapids, 1929.
Young, Edward J. Thy Word Is Truth, Eerdmans, Grand Rapids, 1960.
Aland, Kurt. Synopsis Quattuor Evangeliorum Locis patallelis evangeliorum apocryphorum ed patrum adhibitis edidit, Stuttgart; Württembergische Bibelanstalt, 1964.
Arndt, W. F., and Gingrich, F. W. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1957.
Barclay, William. The Gospel of Matthew, 2 vols. Edinburgh: Saint Andrews Press, 1958.
Barker, William P. As Matthew Saw the Master. Fleming H. Reveil Co. Westwood, N.J., 1964.
Barnes, Albert. Notes on the New Testament; Matthew and Mark. Grand Rapids: Baker Book House, 1964.
Bruce, Alexander Balmain. Expositor's Greek Testament, Synoptic Gospels, New York: Dodd, Mead and Co., 1897.
-------. The Training of the Twelve. Grand Rapids; Zondervan Publishing House, 1963.
Bruce, F. F. Israel and the Nations: From the Exodus to the Fall of the Second Temple. Grand Rapids. Wm. B. Eerdmans Co., 1963.
Burton, Ernest DeWitt. Syntax of the Moods and Tenses in New Testament Greek. Third Edition. Edinburgh. T. and T. Clark, latest reprint, 1955.
Butler, Paul T. The Gospel of John, 2 Vols. Joplin: College Press, 1965.
-------. Minor Prophets, The Prophets of the Decline. Joplin: College Press, 1968.
Carver, W. O. The Self-Interpretation of Jesus. Nashville: Broadman Press, n.d.
Centro Dehoniano. Documenti: Il Concilio Vaticano II. (Documents of The Second Vatican Council) Bologna, Italy: Edizioni Dehoniane, 1966.
Conybeare, W. J. and Howson, H. S. The Life and Epistles of St. Paul. Grand Rapids, Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co., 1959.
Dana, H. E. The New Testament World. 3rd ed revised. Nashville: Broadman Press, 1951.
Edersheim, Alfred. The Life and Times of Jesus the Messiah, 2 vols. Grand Rapids: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co., 1962.
Edersheim, Alfred. Sketches of Jewish Social Life in the Days of Christ. Grand Rapids: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co., 1960.
Farrar, Frederich W. The Life of Christ.
Foster, R. C. Studies in the Life of Christ: The Middle Period. Grand Rapids: Baker Book House, 1968.
Flavius Josephus. The Complete Works of Flavius Josephus. Translated by William Whiston. Philadelphia. John E. Potter and Co., n.d.
Hamilton, Floyd E. The Basis of Christian Faith. 3rd revised ed. New York: Harper Brothers Publishers, 1946.
Harrison, Everett F. Introduction to the New Testament, Grand Rapids: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co. 1964.
Hendriksen, William. New Testament Commentary Exposition of the Gospel According to John. Grand Rapids: Baker Book House, 1954.
Keil, Carl Friedrich. The Twelve Minor Prophets. 2 vols. Translated from the German by James Martin. Grand Rapids: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co., 1949.
Kik, J. Marcellus. Matthew-' XXIV, An Exposition. Philadelphia: The Presbyterian and Reformed Publishing Co., 1948.
Lenski, R. C. H. The Interpretation of St. Matthew's Gospel. Columbus: The Wartburg Press, 1943.
Lewis, W. Sunderland and Booth, Henry M. (ed.) The Preacher's Complete Homiletic Commentary on the Gospel According to St. Matthew. Vol. 22. New York: Funk and Wagnalls Co., n.d.
Lewis, C. S. The Four Loves. New York: Harcourt, Brace and World, Inc., 1960.
Marshall, L. H. The Challenge of New Testament Ethics. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1960.
McGarvey, J. W. and Pendleton, Philip Y. The Fourfold Gospel. Cincinnati: Standard Publishing Foundation, n.d.
McGarvey, J. W. The New Testament Commentary, Vol. I. Matthew and Mark. Delight, Arkansas: Gospel Light Publishing Co., n.d.
-------. Jesus and Jonah. Murfreesboro, Tennessee: Dehoff Publications, 1952.
McGavran, Donald. The Bridges of God. New York: Friendship Press, 1955.
Milligan, Robert. New Testament Commentary Vol. IX, Epistle to the Hebrews. Nashville: Gospel Advocate, 1959.
Morgan, G. Campbell. The Gospel According to Matthew. Westwood, N. J.: Fleming H. Revell Co., 1929.
Newman, Albert Henry. A Manual of Church History. Vol. I. Valley Forge, Pa.: The Judson Press, 1964.
Orr, James. (ed.) The International Standard Bible Encyclopaedia, 5 vols. Grand Rapids: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co., 1960.
Pfeiffer, Charles F. Between the Testaments. Grand Rapids: Baker Book House, 1959.
Plummer, Alfred. The International Critical Commentary: A Critical and Exegetical Commentary on the Gospel According to St. Luke 5 th ed. Edinburgh: T. and T. Clark, 1953.
-------. An Exegetical Commentary on the Gospel of Matthew. Grand Rapids: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, 1963.
Qualben, Lars P. A History of the Christian Church. New York: Thomas Nelson and Sons, 1956.
Schaff, Philip. History of the Christian Church. Vols. I, II, Grand Rapids: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co., 1962.
Smith, Wilbur. The Supernaturalness of Jesus, Boston: W. A. Wilde Co., 1958.
-------. Therefore Stand. Natick, Mass.: W. A. Wilde Co., 1959.
Tenney, Merril C. New Testament Times. Grand Rapids: Wm. B. Eerdmans Co., 1965.
Trench, R. C. Notes on the Miracles of Our Lord, Grand Rapids: Baker Book House, 1965.
-------. Notes on the Parables of Our Lord. Popular edition. Grand Rapids: Baker Book House, 1968.
Unger, Merrill F. Archeology and the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Zondervan Publishing House, 1962.
Wiend, Albert Cassel. A New Harmony of the Gospels. Grand Rapids: Wm, B. Eerdmans Publishing Co., 1956.
BIBLIOGRAPHY [Volume 3]
Aland, Kurt. Synopsis Quattuor Evangeliorum Locis parallelis evangeliorum apocryphorum et patrum adhibitis edidit. Stuttgart: Württembergische Bibelanstalt, 1964.
Arndt, W. F., and Gingrich, F. W. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1957.
Barclay, William. The Gospel of Matthew 2 vols. Edinburgh: Saint Andrews Press, 1958.
Barker, William P. As Matthew Saw the Master. Fleming H. Revell Co.; Westwood, N.J., 1964.
Barnes, Albert. Notes on the New Testament: Matthew and Mark. Grand Rapids: Baker Book House, 1964.
Bartchy, S. Scott. Mallon Chresai: First-Century Slavery and 1 Corinthians 7:21. Society of Biblical Literature for The Seminar on Paul, Dissertation Series, Number Eleven, 1973.
Bowker, John. Jesus and the Pharisees. Cambridge; University Press, 1973.
Bruce, Alexander Balmain. The Training of the Twelve. Grand Rapids: Zondervan Publishing House, 1963.
Burton, Ernest DeWitt. Syntax of the Moods and Tenses in New Testament Greek. Third Edition. Edinburgh: T. and T. Clark, latest reprint, 1955.
Butler, Paul T. The Gospel of John 2 vols. Joplin: College Press, 1965.
_________. Minor Prophets, The Prophets of the Decline. Joplin: College Press, 1968.
Carver, W. O. The Self-Interpretation of Jesus. Nashville: Broadman Press, n.d.
Centro Dehoniano. Documenti: II Concilio Vaticano II. (Documents of The Second Vatican Council) Bologna, Italy: Edizioni Dehoniane, 1966.
Cuminetti, Mario. Evangelo secondo Matteo. Arnoldo Mondadori Editore, Verona, Italy, 1973.
Edersheim, Alfred. The Life and Times of Jesus the Messiah. 2 vols. Grand Rapids: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co., 1962.
_________. Sketches of Jewish Social Life in the Days of Christ. Grand Rapids: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co., 1960.
Farrar, Frederich W. The Life of Christ. Portland, Oregon: Fountain Publications, latest reprint 1964.
Flusser, David. Jesus. Genova, Italy: Editrice Lanterna, 1976. Published in Italian translated from the German original by Giulia Zaggia. Original publication by Rowohlt Taschenbuch Verlag GmbH, Reinbex bei Hamburg, 1968.
Foster, R. C. Studies in the Life of Christ: The Middle Period. Grand Rapids: Baker Book House, 1968.
Flavius Josephus. The Complete Works of Flavius Josephus. Translated by William Whiston. Philadelphia: John E. Potter and Co., n.d.
Gesenius, William. Hebrew and Chaldee Lexicon to the Old Testament Scriptures. Translation by Samuel Prideaux Tregelles. Grand Rapids: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co., 1957.
Grollenberg, L. H. Shorter Atlas of the Bible. New York: Thomas Nelson and Sons, 1959.
Hendriksen, William. New Testament Commentary Exposition of the Gospel According to John. Grand Rapids: Baker Book House, 1954.
_________. New Testament Commentary Exposition of the Gospel According to Matthew. Grand Rapids: Baker Book House, 1973.
Keil, C. F. and Delitzsch, F. Biblical Commentary on the Old Testament. Grand Rapids: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, n.d.
Lenski, R. C. H. The Interpretation of St. Matthew's Gospel. Columbus: The Wartburg Press, 1943.
Lewis, W. Sunderland and Booth, Henry M. (ed.) The Preacher's Complete Homiletic Commentary on the Gospel According to St. Matthew. Vol. 22. New York: Funk and Wagnalls Co., n.d.
Marshall, L. H. The Challenge of New Testament Ethics. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1960.
McGarvey, J. W. and Pendleton, Philip Y. The Fourfold Gospel. Cincinnati: Standard Publishing Foundation, n.d.
McGarvey, J. W. The New Testament Commentary, Vol. I. Matthew and Mark. Delight, Arkansas: Gospel Light Publishing Co., n.d.
_________. Lands of the Bible, A Geographical and Topographical Description of Palestine, with Letters of Travel in Egypt, Syria, Asia Minor and Greece. Cincinnati: Standard Publishing Company, n.d.
Metzger, Bruce M. A Textual Commentary on the Greek New Testament. A Companion Volume to the United Bible Societies-' Greek New Testament (third edition). London: United Bible Societies, 1971.
McMillan, Earle. The Gospel According to Mark. The Living Word Commentary, editor Everett Ferguson. Austin, Texas: Sweet Publishing Company, 1973.
Morgan, G. Campbell. The Gospel According to Matthew. Westwood, N.J.: Fleming H. Revell Co., 1929.
Newman, Albert Henry, A Manual of Church History. 2 vols. Valley Forge, Pa.: The Judson Press, 1964.
Orr, James. (ed.) The International Standard Bible Encyclopaedia, 5 vols. Grand Rapids: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co., 1960.
Pfeiffer, Charles F. The Biblical World, A Dictionary of Biblical Archeology. Grand Rapids: Baker Book House, 1966.
Plummer, Alfred. The International Critical Commentary: A Critical and Exegetical Commentary on the Gospel According to St. Luke 5 th ed. Edinburgh: T, and T. Clark, 1953.
_________. An Exegetical Commentary on the Gospel of Matthew. Grand Rapids: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, 1963.
Rocci, Lorenzo, Vocabolario Greco-Itàliano. Roma: Societa Editrice Dante Alighieri, 1943.
Salvoni, Fausto. Da Pietro Al Papato. Genova, Italy: Editrice Lanterna, 1970.
Schaff, Philip. History of the Christian Church. Vols. I. II. Grand Rapids: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, 1962.
Slater, Philip. Wealth Addiction. Quest/77. Greenwich, Ct.: November/December, 1977.
Staton, Knofel. The Perfect Balance. Cincinnati: Standard Publishing, 1975.
_________. The Servant's Call. Cincinnati: Standard Publishing, 1976.
Thomson, W. M. The Land and the Book. 2 Vols. New York: Harper and Bros., 1863.
Tolbert, Malcolm. Good News From Matthew. Nashville: Broadman Press, 1975.
Trench, R. C. Notes on the Miracles of Our Lord. Grand Rapids: Baker Book House, 1965.
_________. Notes on the Parables of Our Lord. Popular edition. Grand Rapids: Baker Book House, 1968.
Unger, Merril F. Archeology and the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Zondervan Publishing House, 1962.
_________. Archeology and the Old Testament. Grand Rapids: Zondervan Publishing House, 1960.
Wiend, Albert Cassel. A New Harmony of the Gospels. Grand Rapids: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co., 1956.
Willcock, J. (ed.) The Preacher's Complete Homiletic Commentary on the Gospel According to St. Luke. Vol. 24. New York: Funk and Wagnalls Company, n.d.
Wilson, Seth. Learning From Jesus. Joplin, Missouri: College Press, 1977.
BIBLIOGRAPHY: COMMENTARIES [Volume 4]
Alford, Henry
The Greek Testament. Vol. I. (Chicago: Moody Press) ed. 1958, revision by Everett Harrison.
Ash, Anthony Lee
The Gospel According to Luke, Vol. II. (Austin, Texas: Sweet Publishing Co.) 1973.
Barclay, William
The Gospel of Matthew 2 Vols. (Edinburgh: Saint Andrew Press) 1958.
Barker, William P.
As Matthew Saw the Master. (Westwood, N.J.: Fleming H. Revell Co.) 1946.
Barnes, Albert
Notes on the New Testament: Matthew and Mark. (Grand Rapids: Baker Book House) 1964.
Barrett, C.K.
The Gospel According to St. John, an introduction with commentary and notes on the Greek Text. (London: S.P.C.K.) 1955.
Bruce, Alexander Balmain
Expositor's Greek Testament, the Synoptic Gospels. Vol. I (Grand Rapids: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co.) 1970.
Butler, Paul T.
The Gospel of John 2 Vols. (Joplin, Mo.: College Press) 1965;
The Gospel of Luke. (Joplin, Mo.: College Press) 1981.
Cuminetti, Mario
Evangelo Secondo Matteo. (Arnoldo Mondadori, Editore, Italy) 1973.
Edersheim, Alfred
The Life and Times of Jesus the Messiah. 2 Vols. (Grand Rapids: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co.) 1962.
Farrar, Frederio W.
The Life of Christ. (Portland: Fountain Publications) 1964.
Foster, R.C.
Studies in the Life of Christ: The Final Week. (Grand Rapids: Baker Book House) 1962.
Godet, F.L.
The Gospel of John. (Grand Rapids: Zondervan Publishing House) latest reprint 1970.
Hendriksen, William
New Testament Commentary: Exposition of the Gospel According to John. (Grand Rapids: Baker Book House) 1954.
New Testament Commentary: Exposition of the Gospel According to Matthew. (Grand Rapids: Baker Book House) 1973.
Henry, Matthew
Matthew Henry's Commentary on the Whole Bible. Vol 5, Matthew to John. (New York: Fleming H. Revell Co.) n.d.
Johnson, B,W. and DeWelt, Don
The Gospel of Mark. (Joplin, Mo.: College Press) 1965.
Keil, Carl Friedrich
Minor Prophets, Vol, II. Translated from the German by James Martin. (Grand Rapids: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co.) 1949.
Lenski, R.C.H.
The Interpretation of St. John's Gospel. (Minneapolis: Augsburg Publishing House) 1961.
The Interpretation of St. Luke's Gospel. (Minneapolis: Augsburg Publishing House) 1961.
The Interpretation of St. Mark's Gospel. (Minneapolis: Augsburg Publishing House) 1964.
The Interpretation of St. Matthew's Gospel. (Columbus, Ohio: The Wartburg Press) 1943.
Lewis, Jack P.
The Gospel According to Matthew. (Austin, Texas: Sweet Publishing Co.) 1976.
Lewis, W. Sunderland and Booth, Henry M. (ed.)
The Preacher's Complete Homiletic Commentary on the Gospel According to St. Matthew. Vol. XXII. (New York: Funk & Wagnalls Co.) n.d.
Maggioni, Bruno
Evangelo Secondo Luca. (Verona, Italy: Arnoldo Mondadori Editori) 1973.
McGarvey, J.W, and Pendleton, Philip Y.
The Fourfold Gospel. (Cincinnati: The Standard Publishing Foundation) n.d.
McMillan, Earle
The Gospel According to Mark. (Austin, Texas: Sweet Publishing Co.) 1973.
Morgan, G. Campbell
The Gospel According to Matthew. (Westwood, N.J.: Fleming H. Revell Co.) 1929.
Plummer, Alfred
An Exegetical Commentary on the Gospel According to St. Matthew. (Grand Rapids: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co.) 1963.
The International Critical Commentary: A Critical and Exegetical Commentary on the Gospel According to St. Luke 5 th ed. (Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark) 1953.
Robertson, A.T.
Word Pictures in the New Testament. Vols, 1, 2, 5. (New York: Harper & Bros. Publishers) 1930.
Staion, Knofel
The Servant's Call. (Cincinnati, Ohio: Standard Publishing Co.) 1976.
Tolbert, Malcolm
Good News From Matthew. (Nashville, Tenn: Broadman Press) 1975.
Wilson, Seth
Learning From Jesus. (Joplin, Mo.: College Press) 1977.
REFERENCE WORKS [Volume 4]
Aland, Kurt (ed.)
Synopsis Quattuor Evangeliorum: Locis parallelis evangeliorum apocryphorum ed patrum adhibitis edidit. (Stuttgart: Württembergische Bibelanstalt) 1964.
Arndt, W.F. and Gingrich, F.W.
A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. (Chicago: University of Chicago Press) 1957.
Burton, Ernest DeWitt
Syntax of the Moods and Tenses in New Testament Greek. Third ed. (Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark) latest reprint 1955.
Centro Dehoniano
Documenti II Concilio Vaticano II. (Bologna, Italy: Edizioni Dehoniane) 1966.
Dana, H.E.
The New Testament World. 3rd ed. revised. (Nashville: Broadman Press) 1951.
Edersheim, Alfred
Sketches of Jewish Social Life in the Days of Christ. (Grand Rapids: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co.) 1960.
The Temple, Its Ministry and Services as They Were at the Time of Jesus Christ. (Grand Rapids: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co.) 1951.
Ferguson, Everett
Early Christians Speak (Austin, Texas: Sweet Publishing Co.) 1971.
Flavius, Josephus
The Complete Works of Flavius Josephus. Translated by William Whiston. (Philadelphia: John E. Potter & Co.) n.d.
Kittel, Gerhard and Friedrich, Gerhard (ed.)
Theologisches Wörterbuch Zum Neuen Testament. Italian translation: Grande Lessico del Nuovo Testamento. (Bresoia, Italy: Paideia) 1965.
McGarvey, J.W.
Lands of the Bible. (Cincinnati, Ohio: Standard Publishing Co.) n.d.
Evidences of Christianity. Part III. (Cincinnati: Standard Publishing Co.) 1891.
Metzger, Bruce M.
A Textual Commentary on the Greek New Testament. A Companion Volume to the United Bible Societies-' Greek New Testament (third ed.). (London: United Bible Societies) 1971.
Metzger, Bruce M. (ed.)
The Apocrypha. (New York: Oxford University Press) 1973.
Orr, James (ed.)
The International Standard Bible Encyclopaedia. 5 Vols. (Grand Rapids: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co.) 1960.
Rocci, Lorenzo
Vocabolario Greco-Italiano. (Roma: Società Editrice Dante Alighieri) 1943.
Tacitus, P. Cornelius
Annali. (Milano, Italy: Garzanti Editore) 1981. Histories. (Chicago: Encyclopaedia Brittanica, Inc.) 1952.
Thomson, W.M.
The Land and the Book. 2 Vols. (New York: Harper & Bros.) 1863.
Unger, Merril F.
Archeology and the New Testament. (Grand Rapids: Zondervan Publishing House) 1962.
Wieand, Albert Cassel
A New Harmony of the Gospels. (Grand Rapids: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co.) 1956.
SPECIAL STUDIES [Volume 4]
Antonini, Pier C.
Processo e condanna di Gesù. (Torino, Italy: 1982.
Bowker, John
Jesus and the Pharisees. (Cambridge: University Press) 1973.
Bruce, Alexander Balmain
The Training of the Twelve. (Grand Rapids: Zondervan Publishing House) 1963.
Carver. W.O.
The Self-Interpretation of Jesus. (Nashville: Broadman Press) n.d.
Flusser, David
Jesus. (Genova, Italy: Editrice Lanterna) 1976. Published in Italian, translated from the original German by Giulia Zaggia. Original publication by Rowohlt Taschenbuck Verlag GmbH, Reinbex/Hamburg. -76
Kik, J. Marcellus
Matthew XXIV, An Exposition. (Philadelphia, Pa.: The Presbyterian and Reformed Publishing Co) 1948.
Marshall, L.H.
The Challenge of New Testament Ethics. (New York: St. Martin's Press) 1960.
McGarvey, J.W.
Jesus and Jonah. (Murfreesboro, Tenn: Dehoff Publications) 1952.
Orr, James
The Resurrection of Jesus. Evangelical Reprint Library (Joplin, Mo.: College Press) 1972.
Radaelli, Anselmo
Lettura di un miracolo (Mc 11, 12-25) come introduzione all-'intendimento del miracolo. (Milano, Italy: Ricerche bibliche e religiose), Numbers 2:3 for 1978.