Psalms 17:1-15
1 Hear the right,a O LORD, attend unto my cry, give ear unto my prayer, that goeth not out of feigned lips.
2 Let my sentence come forth from thy presence; let thine eyes behold the things that are equal.
3 Thou hast proved mine heart; thou hast visited me in the night; thou hast tried me, and shalt find nothing; I am purposed that my mouth shall not transgress.
4 Concerning the works of men, by the word of thy lips I have kept me from the paths of the destroyer.
5 Hold up my goings in thy paths, that my footsteps slipb not.
6 I have called upon thee, for thou wilt hear me, O God: incline thine ear unto me, and hear my speech.
7 Shew thy marvellous lovingkindness, O thou that savest by thy right hand them which put their trust in thee from those that rise up against them.
8 Keep me as the apple of the eye, hide me under the shadow of thy wings,
9 From the wicked that oppressc me, from my deadly enemies, who compass me about.
10 They are inclosed in their own fat: with their mouth they speak proudly.
11 They have now compassed us in our steps: they have set their eyes bowing down to the earth;
12 Liked as a lion that is greedy of his prey, and as it were a young lion lurking in secret places.
13 Arise, O LORD, disappointe him, cast him down: deliver my soul from the wicked, which is thy sword:
14 From men which are thy hand, O LORD, from men of the world, which have their portion in this life, and whose belly thou fillest with thy hid treasure: they are full of children, and leave the rest of their substance to their babes.
15 As for me, I will behold thy face in righteousness: I shall be satisfied, when I awake, with thy likeness.
DESCRIPTIVE TITLE
One who is Righteous Prays, in Great Trouble, for Divine Deliverance and Manifestation.
ANALYSIS
Stanza I., Psalms 17:1-2, The Prayer of Righteousness. Stanza II., vers, 3, 4, The Proving of Righteousness. Stanza III., Psalms 17:4-6, The Precaution of Righteousness! Stanza IV., Psalms 17:6-8, Prayer for Attention, Kindness and Tender Care. Stanza V., Psalms 17:9-10, Refuge sought from Greedy. Cross and Arrogant Enemies. Stanza VI., Psalms 17:11-12, Invaders Advancing, Surrounding, Encamping, and Waylaying. Stanza VII., Psalms 17:13-14, Arise, Confront, Bring down, Deliver, Slay! Stanza VIII., Psalms 17:14-15, Punishment invoked on Three GenerationsReward counted upon by a Hoped-for Satisfying Vision of God.
(Lm.) PrayerBy David
1
Oh hear Jehovah one who is righteousattend to my piercing cry,
oh, give ear to my prayerwithout lips of deceit:
2
from thy presence let my sentence come forththat mine[136] eyes may behold it.
[136] So. Sep.
3
With equity hast thou tried my hearthast inspected me by night,
hast proved[137] me thou findest in me no evil purposemy mouth transgresseth not:
[137] Zaraph, smelt, refine, testO.G.
4
as for the doings of men by the word of thy lips (do I regard them).
I have watched the paths of the violent one;
5
my steps hold fast to thy tracksmy footsteps slip not
6
I have called upon theesurely thou wilt answer me O God!
Incline thine ear to mehear my promise,[138]
[138] Saying or speech; but cp. Psalms 119, table.
7
make wonderful thy deeds of kindness[139]thou Saviour from assailants![140]
[139] Make signal thy kindnessesDr.
[140] Those that rise up (against them)Dr.
8
I am taking refuge at thy right handprotect me as the pupil the daughter of the eye.
9
In the shadow of thy wings wilt thou hide me from the lawless,
those mine accusers that assail mewith greed[141] encompass me,
[141] Ml.: with (or in) soul.
10
their gross heart[142] have they closedwith their mouth have they spoken proudly.
[142] Ml.: fat, midriff, diaphragm.
11
They advance now they march round ustheir eyes they fix,
12
They mean to encamp in the landthey maltreat as a lion,
they are greedy for preythey are like a young lion lurking in secret places.
13
Oh, arise Jehovah! confront him bring him down,
oh, deliver my soul from the lawless one (destroy with) thy sword!
14
let them be slain (by) thy handslain out of the world.
Let their portion be during lifelet thy stored-up penalty fill their bosom,[143]
[143] Ml.: belly.
let their sons be satedand leave their residue to their children;
15
but as for me let me have vision of thy facebe satisfied with thy form.[144]
[144] Or.: the form of thee M.T., more fully:
But as for me in righteousness shall I have vision of thy face, Oh let me be satisfied when I awake a resemblance of thee!
(Lm.) To the Chief Musician.
PARAPHRASE
I am pleading for Your help, O Lord; for I have been honest and have done what is right, and You must listen to my earnest cry!
2 Publicly acquit me, Lord, for You are always fair.
3 You have tested me and seen that I am good. You have come even in the night and found nothing amiss and know that I have told the truth.
4 I have followed Your commands and have not gone along with cruel and evil men.
5 My feet have not slipped from Your paths.
6 Why am I praying like this? Because I know You will answer me, O God! Yes, listen as I pray.
7 Show me Your strong love in wonderful ways, O Savior of all those seeking Your help against their foes.
8 Protect me as You would the pupil of Your eye; hide me in the shadow of Your wings as You hover over me.
9 My enemies encircle me with murder in their eyes.
10 They are pitiless and arrogant. Listen to their boasting.
11 They close in upon me and are ready to throw me to the ground.
12 They are like lions eager to tear me apart, like young lions hiding and waiting their chance.
13, 14 Lord, arise and stand against them! Push them back! Come and save me from these men of the world whose only concern is earthly gainthese men whom You have filled with Your treasures so that their children and grandchildren are rich and prosperous.
15 But as for me, my contentment is not in wealth but in seeing You and knowing all is well between us. And when I awake in heaven, I will be fully satisfied, for I will see You face to face.
EXPOSITION
The first method of these Studies as to the question of authorship was to analyse a psalm with exclusive regard to internal evidence; and to interrogate that evidence by saying, Now what sort of man appears to have written that psalm, under what circumstances, with a view of what dangers (if any), and with what feelings? Only after pursuing this method with the present psalm, did any name occur as probable; and then it was the name of King Hezekiah, in view and in presence of the Assyrian invasion. If we take this suggestion as a working hypothesis, it is at once seen what a large amount of verisimilitude gathers about it. It is at once noticed how naturally, in such case, the writer appears both as an individual and as a personified nation; and the danger comes into view as an actual and most formidable invasion, by a cruel, greedy, insensate enemy. It is easily realised how naturally a good man like Hezekiah would assure himself of his rectitude, as a man and a monarch, in pressing his suit at Jehovah's footstool; and, considering the multitude of persons and the variety of interests at stake, how inevitable were the passion and the persistence in petition which are here displayedpiercingly loud (Psalms 17:1), courageously bold (Psalms 17:13-14), thoughtfully tender (Psalms 17:8); how suitable to the gravity of the occasion is the largeness of the blessings soughtthat the answer should plainly have come forth from the Divine Presence (Psalms 17:2), that it should amount to nothing less than Jehovah's making his deeds of kindness wonderful (Psalms 17:7)and that its result on the enemy should be his inevitable slaughter (Psalms 17:13-14). In view of such a situation, how little of personal vengeance appears in the most sweeping petitions for the punishment of the foe; for only by such an overthrow could the deliverance sought be so much as imagined. Even the desire that the stroke might be felt to the third generation (Psalms 17:14) would seem to be necessarily involved in the making of Israel's deliverance effective. Perhaps, even beyond all these features of adaptation discoverable in this psalm, is its conclusion; and, quite unexpectedly, to the writer of this exposition, its conclusion rather in the shorter form inserted in the text than in the longer form relegated to the margin. For, assuredly, it was not without searchings of heart that the familiar and favourite ending of the Massoretic Text was, at the bidding of a very refined criticismunwilling to admit any unsymmetrical distension of metre or stanza,assigned to a lower place; especially considering that such assignment would in a measure put out of confident use the significant word awake, which had always been felt to be evidence that actual resurrection from the dead formed, for the psalmist, the path to life by which he hoped to ascend to the beatific vision of Jehovah's face. But, with the apprehension that HEZEKIAH might have written this psalm, the whole realm of probability was changed. The natural thing for HEZEKIAH to say, under the circumstances, would be the very thing that the textual critic prefers should be regarded as the original text: But, as for me, let me have vision of thy face!the very thing Hezekiah had hoped for, without need to awake, because without having previously fallen asleep! This we can confidently gather from the very bitterness of his lament when the prospect of death came upon him: I shall not see Yah even Yah in the land of the living! (Isaiah 38:11). That, then,namely to see Yah in the land of the living,had been Hezekiah's cherished hope; and that is the hope expressed in the short but powerful conclusion of this psalm preferred in the text above. In decipherment of the final wordbe satisfied with thy forma backward and a forward glance will repay us: backward to Numbers 12:8, to discover the same word employed as here; and forward to John 1:18; John 14:9, 1 Peter 1:7-8, 1 John 3:2, to be reminded of the form, and the vision of that form, which we are joyfully assured will give unbounded satisfaction.
This psalm is a tephillah prayer; and admirably that word describes it. It is attributed To David; and doubtless its groundwork came from him. So strongly, however, is the image of Hezekiah impressed upon it, that already, in the above exposition, had such authorship been confidently inferred, before the perusal of Dr. Thirtle's second book: which offers the following reenforcement:Hezekiah was familiar with persecution. Psalms 17:5 reads like Psalms 73:2; Psalms 17:14 like Psalms 73:3-9, a psalm from the time of Hezekiah. The concluding verse looks forward to recovery from sickness.Thirtle, O.T.P., p. 314.
QUESTIONS FOR DISCUSSION
1.
When and where was the request of verses one and two answered?
2.
In what sense could David say he was good as in verse three?
3.
How did Rotherham arrive at the thought that this psalm was a record of Hezekiah's reaction to the Assyrian invasion? Do you agree? Discuss.
4.
What do the textual critics say about this Psalm? Why? Discuss.
5.
Psalms 17:15 is applied to neither Hezekiah nor David in Acts 2:28or is this the Psalm used by Peter? Discuss.