Romans 5 - Introduction
1:1 called (f-7) 'A called apostle,' i.e. an apostle by (divine) calling. Cf. ver. 7 'called saints,' and see note there.... [ Continue Reading ]
1:1 called (f-7) 'A called apostle,' i.e. an apostle by (divine) calling. Cf. ver. 7 'called saints,' and see note there.... [ Continue Reading ]
5:2 have (i-4) Perfect tense. 'have obtained and possess.'... [ Continue Reading ]
5:6 died (k-13) Or 'died.' so ver. 8. The aorist; but 'has died' is used in English for the fact, which is the force of the aorist. That is, it is so used where the moral import is an abiding one, and time is not in question, even if no abiding effect is meant. 'He has taken a journey.' The simple p... [ Continue Reading ]
5:9 of] (a-11) Or 'by his blood,' 'by his life.' when _ en_ is used morally it has the force of 'in the power of,' 'in the intrinsic character of;' thus 'in flesh,' 'in spirit.' The article and pronoun here give it a somewhat more instrumental character. 'Through' in ver. 10 is _ dia_ .... [ Continue Reading ]
5:10 of] (a-29) Or 'by his blood,' 'by his life.' when _ en_ is used morally it has the force of 'in the power of,' 'in the intrinsic character of;' thus 'in flesh,' 'in spirit.' The article and pronoun here give it a somewhat more instrumental character. 'Through' in ver. 10 is _ dia_ .... [ Continue Reading ]
5:12 (b-0) The epistle divides itself here, as to doctrine, into two distinct parts, which a new paragraph hardly shows. Up to ch. 5.11 'sins' had been treated of; from this point 'sin' is in view.... [ Continue Reading ]
5:13 account (c-15) This is a different word from that translated 'reckoned' in ch. 4.22,23 (both 'imputed' in A.V.). There, a man is judicially estimated such or such. here, a particular fault is put to a person's account. The former is found in Galatians 3:6 and 2 Corinthians 5:19 ; this only in P... [ Continue Reading ]
5:14 reigned (d-3) Or 'has reigned,' aorist. in (e-15) Or 'according to.' 'Sinned after' is not the sense here. It refers to Hosea 6:7 , 'They, like Adam, have transgressed the covenant.' this of Israel. But they who had no law did not. The point here is the form or character in or with which anythi... [ Continue Reading ]
5:15 offence? (f-11) Or 'not as the offence [is] the act of favour.' one (g-18) Lit. 'the one.'... [ Continue Reading ]
5:16 gift? (h-12) Or 'And not as by one that sinned [is] the gift.' I would add that I have translated the Greek words, _ dorema_ as 'gift,' _ charisma_ as 'act of favour,' and _ dorea_ as 'free gift.' This will distinguish them. of (i-17) That is, had its foundation in, was grounded on, one single... [ Continue Reading ]
5:17 Christ.) (l-38) Vers. 13-17 are a parenthesis.... [ Continue Reading ]
5:18 righteousness (m-17) Here _ dikaioma_ ; the same word as translated 'justification,' ver. 16, but it cannot be so translated here. It is the accomplished subsisting righteousness answering to the one offence.... [ Continue Reading ]
5:20 in, (a-4) Came in as an extra thing, or by the by.... [ Continue Reading ]
5:21 righteousness (b-20) i.e. on that principle of righteousness, _ dikaiosune_ . i.e. the quality itself, as ch. 3.21.... [ Continue Reading ]