1 SAMUEL—NOTE ON 1 SAMUEL 14:1 This chapter focuses on Saul’s son
Jonathan, who will become a friend of David. Jonathan’s act of trust
in this chapter is sandwiched between two examples of Saul’s
disobedience (chs. 1 Samuel 13:1 and 1 Samuel 15:1).
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1 SAMUEL—NOTE ON 1 SAMUEL 14:2 The OUTSKIRTS OF GIBEAH may mean
“the edge of the hill.” MIGRON may mean “threshing floor.”
Court was often held under a tree (1 Samuel 22:6; Judges 4:5) or on
threshing floors (1 Kings 22:10).
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1 SAMUEL—NOTE ON 1 SAMUEL 14:4 BOZEZ means “the gleaming one,”
and SENEH means “the thorny one.”
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1 SAMUEL—NOTE ON 1 SAMUEL 14:6 Jonathan’s trust contrasts with
Saul’s concern about numbers (1 Samuel 13:11, 1 Samuel 13:15).
UNCIRCUMCISED was a customary insult directed at the Philistines (see
Judges 14:3; 1 Samuel 17:26; 2 Samuel 1:20).... [ Continue Reading ]
1 SAMUEL—NOTE ON 1 SAMUEL 14:10 IF THEY SAY, “COME UP TO US.”
This would give Jonathan and the armor-bearer the opportunity to get
into the Philistine camp at what was probably its most thinly
protected point, without raising an alarm. The guards’ words in v. 1
Samuel 14:12 suggest that an attack by... [ Continue Reading ]
1 SAMUEL—NOTE ON 1 SAMUEL 14:14 The Hebrew “yoke” (esv footnote)
was a unit for measuring area.
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1 SAMUEL—NOTE ON 1 SAMUEL 14:15 A VERY GREAT PANIC is literally “a
panic of God” (see esv footnote), suggesting divine intervention.
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1 SAMUEL—NOTE ON 1 SAMUEL 14:16 Saul was in GIBEAH, about 4 miles
(6.4 km) from Michmash. His WATCHMEN were probably stationed nearer,
watching Michmash.
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1 SAMUEL—NOTE ON 1 SAMUEL 14:18 The ARK had apparently been brought
from Kiriath-jearim to be with the army for some special reason. Saul
wanted AHIJAH, who carried the sacred lots in the ephod, to cast the
lots before the ark.
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1 SAMUEL—NOTE ON 1 SAMUEL 14:21 Some people called HEBREWS 1:1 had
previously sided with the Philistines (compare 1 Samuel 29:3) while
others HAD HIDDEN THEMSELVES during this time of war. Now that Israel
is succeeding, both groups commit to fighting for Israel.
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1 SAMUEL—NOTE ON 1 SAMUEL 14:23 BEYOND BETH-AVEN. This battle seems
to have driven the Philistines from the central mountain areas.
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1 SAMUEL—NOTE ON 1 SAMUEL 14:24 SO SAUL HAD LAID AN OATH. Jonathan,
of course, had not been present at the time.
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1 SAMUEL—NOTE ON 1 SAMUEL 14:27 HIS EYES BECAME BRIGHT suggests
renewed vitality (compare Ezra 9:8; Psalms 13:3).
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1 SAMUEL—NOTE ON 1 SAMUEL 14:28 THIS DAY. See v. 1 Samuel 14:24
(“until it is evening”). The day began at sunset.
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1 SAMUEL—NOTE ON 1 SAMUEL 14:32 When evening comes (v. 1 Samuel
14:34) and the people are once again free to eat (see v. 1 Samuel
14:24), they are in such a hurry that they do not drain the BLOOD
properly from the animals they kill (v. 1 Samuel 14:33). Eating meat
with blood is strictly prohibited i... [ Continue Reading ]
1 SAMUEL—NOTE ON 1 SAMUEL 14:39 HE SHALL SURELY DIE. Saul assumes
that the Lord does not answer Saul’s prior question (v. 1 Samuel
14:37) because of some unknown sin (v. 1 Samuel 14:38). Just as it was
Saul’s own poor decision to impose the ban on eating (v. 1 Samuel
14:24), it is also his decision... [ Continue Reading ]
1 SAMUEL—NOTE ON 1 SAMUEL 14:41 GIVE URIM.... GIVE THUMMIM.... CAST
THE LOT. The Urim and Thummim (or just Urim) are mentioned also in
Exodus 28:30; Numbers 27:21; Deuteronomy 33:8; 1 Samuel 28:6; and Ezra
2:63. They may have been two stones of two different colors, one
representing a positive and t... [ Continue Reading ]
1 SAMUEL—NOTE ON 1 SAMUEL 14:45 SHALL JONATHAN DIE?... FAR FROM IT!
AS THE LORD LIVES... The people use the same oath that Saul used in v.
1 Samuel 14:39. They obviously think God spoke much more clearly in
Jonathan’s victory than in Saul’s foolish oath (v. 1 Samuel
14:24).
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1 SAMUEL—NOTE ON 1 SAMUEL 14:49 It is possible, but not certain,
that ISHVI is a variation of the name Ish-bosheth (2 Samuel 2:8; he is
called “Eshbaal” in 1 Chronicles 8:33).
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1 SAMUEL—NOTE ON 1 SAMUEL 14:50 ABNER THE SON OF NER, SAUL’S
UNCLE. Although it may not be clear from the text, Abner was Saul’s
uncle.
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