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The ESV Global Study Bible's Study Notes

Ezekiel 1:22-23

EZEKIEL—NOTE ON Ezekiel 1:22 The term expanse appears four times in the immediate context (vv. Ezekiel 1:22, Ezekiel 1:25). Compare Genesis 1:6, Genesis 1:14, where it is used nine times. There the expanse forms the dome of the sky. Here it is a horizontal layer above the wings of the creatures. The rest of the vision is beyond the expanse (Ezekiel 1:26).

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See also Ezekiel 1:22-23 in other biblical comments:

  • Adam Clarke Bible Commentary

    Verse Ezekiel 1:22. _THE COLOUR OF THE TERRIBLE CRYSTAL_] Like a _crystal_, well cut and well polished, with various _faces_, by which rays of light were refracted, assuming either a variety of prism...

  • Albert Barnes' Bible Commentary

    “The color” (Hebrew, “eye”) “of the terrible crystal” refers to the dazzling brightness of the “firmament,” a clear bright expanse between the “throne” and the “living creatures,” separating heaven fr...

  • Annotated Bible by A.C. Gaebelein

    ANALYSIS AND ANNOTATIONS I. PREDICTIONS BEFORE THE FALL OF JERUSALEM A. judgment Predictions Concerning Jerusalem (1-24) Chapter S 1:1-3:14 The Vision of Glory and the Call of the Prophet _ 1. The...

  • Arthur Peake's Commentary on the Bible

    EZEKIEL 1-3. EZEKIEL ENTERS UPON HIS MINISTRY. Ezekiel 1:1. Ezekiel's Vision. Ezekiel 1:1. Like the prophets generally, Ezekiel enters upon his ministry only after he has had a vision of God and a ca...

  • Bullinger's Companion Bible Notes

    FIRMAMENT. expanse, as in Genesis 1:6. STRETCHED FORTH. spread out. ABOVE. upward....

  • Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges

    The Firmament, and Throne, and Glory of God Over the heads and outstretched wings of the four living creatures there appeared a firmament like crystal (Ezekiel 1:22); and above the firmament an appea...

  • Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges

    _And the likeness of the firmament_ Rather: AND THERE WAS A LIKENESS OVER THE HEADS OF THE LIVING CREATURE (of) A FIRMAMENT. The term "firmament" has come from the LXX. (stereôma) through the Vulgate....

  • Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges

    The theophany, or, vision of God This is described first generally, as a whirlwind and great cloud coming from the North, with a luminous splendour around it, due to a fire sending out continuous fla...

  • Coke's Commentary on the Holy Bible

    THE LIKENESS OF THE FIRMAMENT, &C.— Over the heads of the living creatures was the likeness of a _clear sky_ or _firmament,_ where the Son of Man appears in divine glory, as upon a throne: see Ezekiel...

  • College Press Bible Study Textbook Series

    D. The Platform 1:22-25 TRANSLATION (22) And over the heads of the living creatures was something like a platform, gleaming terribly like ice, stretched forth over their heads above. (23) And under t...

  • Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible

    And the likeness of the firmament upon the heads of the living creature was as the colour of the terrible crystal, stretched forth over their heads above. THE LIKENESS OF THE FIRMAMENT UPON THE HE...

  • Dummelow's Commentary on the Bible

    § 1. EZEKIEL'S CALL AND CONSECRATION AS A PROPHET (EZEKIEL 1-3) Date, June-July, 592 b.c. Ezekiel's call and consecration to his prophetic work took place by means of a vision of God's glory (Ezekiel...

  • EasyEnglish Bible Commentaries

    EZEKIEL: ‘THEY SHALL KNOW THAT I AM GOD’ THE *SIN OF JUDAH AND THE JUDGEMENT OF GOD EZEKIEL CHAPTER S 1 TO 24 _IAN MACKERVOY_ ABOUT THIS BOOK 1. HISTORY After the death of King Solomon, the *I...

  • Ellicott's Commentary On The Whole Bible

    THE LIKENESS OF THE FIRMAMENT. — The word rendered “firmament” has undoubtedly originated, etymologically, from a verb originally signifying _to beat out,_ as in the case of metals; but the derivative...

  • ETCBC data on Hebrew bible

    וּ דְמ֞וּת עַל ־רָאשֵׁ֤י הַ חַיָּה֙ רָקִ֔יעַ

  • Expositor's Bible Commentary (Nicoll)

    THE VISION OF THE GLORY OF GOD Ezekiel 1:1 IT might be hazardous to attempt, from the general considerations advanced in the last two Chapter s, to form a conception of Ezekiel's state of mind during...

  • G. Campbell Morgan's Exposition on the Whole Bible

    The Book opens with the account of the prophet's preparation, and falls into two sections, the first describing the visions he saw, and the second the voice he heard. Verses Eze 1:2-3 in this chapter...

  • George Haydock's Catholic Bible Commentary

    _Crystal, or sapphire, ver. 26., and chap. x. 1. This shining sky was like the footstool of the Lord, and rested on eight wings, ver. 9, 23._...

  • Hawker's Poor man's commentary

    It is worthy the Reader's closest attention, how often during this account the appearance of a man is spoken of. Was it, (for I only ask the question, and do not presume to decide), to lead the Prophe...

  • John Calvin's Bible Commentary

    Now the Prophet states the principal thing in this vision — that God was seated on his throne: because if he had spoken only of wheels and living creatures, the vision had been partial, and therefore...

  • John Darby's Synopsis

    In chapter 1 we find a date which refers to the year of Josiah's passover, but with what intent I do not know. It has been thought that the thirty years relate to the jubilee. On this point I cannot s...

  • John Gill's Exposition of the Whole Bible

    AND THE LIKENESS OF THE FIRMAMENT UPON THE HEADS OF THE LIVING CREATURE,.... This was not a real firmament, but the likeness of one; it was like the firmament which God created on the second day, whic...

  • John Trapp Complete Commentary

    And the likeness of the firmament upon the heads of the living creature [was] as the colour of the terrible crystal, stretched forth over their heads above. Ver. 22. _And the likeness of the firmamen...

  • Joseph Benson’s Commentary on the Old and New Testaments

    _And the likeness_ The appearance or resemblance; _of the firmament_ The expanse, as the word signifies. _Upon the heads of the living creatures_ And, of course, of the wheels connected with them; _wa...

  • Kretzmann's Popular Commentary of the Bible

    The Four-Faced Wheels and the Four Creatures....

  • Kretzmann's Popular Commentary of the Bible

    And the likeness of the firmament upon the heads of the living creature was as the color of the terrible crystal, literally, "a likeness over the head of the living creature, like unto the appearance...

  • Matthew Henry Commentary on the Whole Bible

    15-25 Providence, represented by the wheels, produces changes. Sometimes one spoke of the wheel is uppermost, sometimes another; but the motion of the wheel on its own axletree is regular and steady....

  • Matthew Poole's Concise Commentary On The Bible

    THE LIKENESS; the appearance or resemblance; of which word before, EZEKIEL 1:13,16. THE FIRMAMENT: the living creatures, the wheels, and these upon the earth, our prophet had seen and mentioned; now h...

  • Patchworkid's Personal Study Bible Notes

    Ezekiel 1:22 likeness H1823 firmament H7549 heads H7218 creatures H2416 color H5869 awesome H3372 (H8737) crystal H7140

  • Peter Pett's Commentary on the Bible

    ‘And over the head of the living creature there was the likeness of a firm level surface, like the colour of awesome ice stretched out over above their heads. And under the firm level surface were the...

  • Summarized Bible Commentary

    CONTENTS: Vision of the glory. CHARACTERS: God, Holy Spirit, Christ, Ezekiel, Jehoiachin, (Ezekiel 1:26). CONCLUSION: While no man has seen God at any time, many have had visions of Him, displays of...

  • Sutcliffe's Commentary on the Old and New Testaments

    Ezekiel 1:1. _In the thirtieth year, in the fourth month, and fifth day of the month._ The Jews were accustomed to reckon time from great and auspicious events, as the call of Abraham, the exodus from...

  • The Preacher's Complete Homiletical Commentary

    2. THE VIEW GIVEN TO EZEKIEL OF “THE LIKENESS OF THE GLORY OF THE LORD” (Chap. Ezekiel 1:4) EXEGETICAL NOTES.— Ezekiel 1:4. THE STORM-CLOUD. “A WHIRLWIND,” a tempest such as Job perceived (Ezekiel 38:...

  • The Pulpit Commentaries

    EXPOSITION For the life of the prophet prior to the vision which this chapter relates, and which constituted his call to that office, see Introduction. EZEKIEL 1:1 NOW; literally, _and. _The use of...

  • The Typology of Scripture by Patrick Fairbairn

    Ezekiel 1:4. _And I looked, and behold a whirlwind coming from the north, a great cloud, and a fire kindling itself, and a brightness round about it (the cloud), and from out of it (the fire) like the...

  • Through The Bible C2000 Serie by Chuck Smith

    Shall we turn at this time to the prophecy of Ezekiel. Ezekiel said, It came to pass in the thirtieth year, in the fourth month, in the fifth day of the month (Ezekiel 1:1), So that would be July th...

  • Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

    Exodus 24:10; Ezekiel 1:26; Ezekiel 10:1; Job 37:22; Revelation 21:11

  • Wesley's Explanatory Notes

    Likeness — The appearance or resemblance. As crystal — For splendor, purity, and solidity, all that was above these creatures and wheels was beautiful and very majestic, and 'tis therefore called terr...

  • When Critics Ask: A Popular Handbook on Bible Difficulties, Norman L. Geisler and Thomas Howe, 1960

    Is this a manifestation of UFOs and extraterrestrial intelligence? PROBLEM: Ezekiel speaks here of “living creatures” whose faces were in “the likeness of a man” which moved “like a flash of lightnin...

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