JAMES—NOTE ON James 1:1 Greeting. Jesus chose 12 disciples to symbolize the twelve tribes of Israel. Thus he identified the church as the new Israel (see Matthew 10:1). James reminds these Jewish Christians of their spiritual heritage as God’s people, gathered by Jesus the Messiah. in the Dispersion. The tribes of Israel were scattered throughout the world by the Assyrians and Babylonians. They looked forward to being regathered as a people (Jeremiah 31:7; Ezekiel 37:15). James implies that the true Israel is also away from its heavenly homeland and oppressed, but they are assured of their final gathering to the Lord.

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