LUKE—NOTE ON LUKE 15:1 TAX COLLECTORS (see notes on 3:12–14;
Matthew 5:46) AND SINNERS are also linked in Luke 5:30; Luke 7:34;
Luke 19:7. WERE ALL DRAWING NEAR TO HEAR HIM reveals Jesus’
popularity with society’s outcasts (see Luke 14:35).... [ Continue Reading ]
LUKE—NOTE ON LUKE 15:2 RECEIVES SINNERS AND EATS WITH THEM. For
similar criticisms, see Luke 5:27; Luke 7:39; Luke 19:7. For the
implications of eating with sinners, see note on 5:30.
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LUKE—NOTE ON LUKE 15:3 SO HE TOLD THEM. The following parables are
directed to the Pharisees and scribes. The lost sheep (vv. Luke 15:4),
lost coin (vv. Luke 15:8), and prodigal son (vv. Luke 15:11) all
correspond to lost sinners being found by Jesus (that is, entering the
kingdom of God).
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LUKE—NOTE ON LUKE 15:4 See Luke 19:10.
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LUKE—NOTE ON LUKE 15:5 LAYS IT ON HIS SHOULDERS. The sheep is too
weak to return on its own.
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LUKE—NOTE ON LUKE 15:6 CALLS TOGETHER HIS FRIENDS AND HIS NEIGHBORS.
Compare v. Luke 15:9. The Pharisees and scribes should REJOICE that
the lost sheep of Israel are entering the kingdom.
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LUKE—NOTE ON LUKE 15:7 RIGHTEOUS PERSONS WHO NEED NO REPENTANCE
(compare Luke 5:31). This is best understood as an ironic description
of those who think they are righteous and therefore have no need to
repent.
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LUKE—NOTE ON LUKE 15:8 TEN SILVER COINS. Perhaps about 10 denarii,
or 10 days’ wages for a laborer.
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LUKE—NOTE ON LUKE 15:12 GIVE ME... PROPERTY... COMING TO ME. The
younger son does not want to wait for his father’s death to receive
his inheritance. He was probably a teenager, since he was unmarried.
His share would have been half of what the older brother would
receive, or one-third of the estate... [ Continue Reading ]
LUKE—NOTE ON LUKE 15:13 GATHERED ALL indicates that the son
converted all of his inheritance into cash.
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LUKE—NOTE ON LUKE 15:15 PIGS (unclean animals; Deuteronomy 14:8)
would have been offensive to the son.
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LUKE—NOTE ON LUKE 15:17 When the son CAME TO HIMSELF he realized
that his sin was against his earthly father, but in the deepest sense
it was AGAINST HEAVEN, that is, against God himself.
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LUKE—NOTE ON LUKE 15:20 A LONG WAY OFF emphasizes the father’s
great love; he must have been watching for the son. RAN. The father
ignored behavioral expectations of the time, since running was
considered undignified for an older or wealthy person. EMBRACED HIM.
Literally “fell on his neck”; see Gen... [ Continue Reading ]
LUKE—NOTE ON LUKE 15:21 The prodigal repeats his prepared speech
(see vv. Luke 15:18). The father does not let him finish, however,
showing that he has forgiven him.
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LUKE—NOTE ON LUKE 15:22 The RING may have contained a seal,
indicating that the son has been welcomed back as a full member of the
family.
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LUKE—NOTE ON LUKE 15:23 FATTENED CALF. Kept for special occasions
(Genesis 18:7).
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LUKE—NOTE ON LUKE 15:24 The SON WAS (assumed to be) DEAD, but is now
ALIVE (united with the family) AGAIN. This is a picture of membership
in God’s kingdom, with adoption into God’s family.
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LUKE—NOTE ON LUKE 15:25 While the younger son represents tax
collectors and sinners, the OLDER SON represents the Pharisees. Both
groups were listening to the parables of this chapter (see vv. Luke
15:1), but the Pharisees were probably the primary intended audience
of this parable.
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LUKE—NOTE ON LUKE 15:28 HE WAS ANGRY mirrors the grumbling of the
Pharisees and scribes (v. Luke 15:2).
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LUKE—NOTE ON LUKE 15:29 BUT HE ANSWERED HIS FATHER. The older
brother compares life with his father to years of servitude without
celebration.
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LUKE—NOTE ON LUKE 15:30 THIS SON OF YOURS. The older brother refuses
to acknowledge the prodigal as his brother.
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LUKE—NOTE ON LUKE 15:31 SON. An affectionate appeal by the father,
showing that he still loved the older son and wanted him to join in
the celebration. Jesus is still inviting the Pharisees to repent and
accept his teaching.
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