MATTHEW—NOTE ON MATTHEW 26:1 The Crucified Messiah. Matthew narrates
the events leading to Jesus’ death: (1) the Passover and Lord’s
Supper and events in Gethsemane (Matthew 26:1); (2) Jesus’ arrest,
trials, and conviction (Matthew 26:47); and (3) Jesus’ beating,
crucifixion, death, and burial (Matt... [ Continue Reading ]
MATTHEW—NOTE ON MATTHEW 26:2 The PASSOVER was celebrated annually in
remembrance of Israel’s exodus from Egypt (see notes on Exodus 12).
SON OF MAN. See note on Matt. 8:20. This is the fourth time that Jesus
predicts his arrest and crucifixion (see Matthew 16:21; Matthew 17:22;
Matthew 20:17).... [ Continue Reading ]
MATTHEW—NOTE ON MATTHEW 26:3 CHIEF PRIESTS AND THE ELDERS OF THE
PEOPLE. Representatives of the Sanhedrin, the ruling body in
Jerusalem, but not the full assembly. PALACE. The private residence of
the high priest. CAIAPHAS was high priest A.D. 18 to 36. He was the
son-in-law of Annas, the previous h... [ Continue Reading ]
MATTHEW—NOTE ON MATTHEW 26:5 FEAST. Thousands of pilgrims made the
journey to Jerusalem to celebrate Passover. There was much national
pride as they recalled their ancestors’ liberation from bondage in
Egypt. UPROAR. Popular uprisings were common, especially during such
feasts.
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MATTHEW—NOTE ON MATTHEW 26:6 Matthew records this account of
Jesus’ anointing at Bethany thematically. John records it
chronologically, on Saturday night before Jesus’ triumphal entry
(John 12:1).
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MATTHEW—NOTE ON MATTHEW 26:7 A WOMAN. Identified in John 12:3 as
Mary, sister of Martha and Lazarus. EXPENSIVE OINTMENT. “Pure
nard” (see Mark 14:3; John 12:3), a perfume oil used for solemn acts
of devotion (see note on Mark 14:3–5).
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MATTHEW—NOTE ON MATTHEW 26:9 LARGE SUM. The perfume was valued at
“more than three hundred denarii” (Mark 14:5), approximately a
year’s wages for the average worker.
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MATTHEW—NOTE ON MATTHEW 26:14 ONE OF THE TWELVE. Judas’s treachery
is heightened by the fact that he is one of Jesus’ chosen apostles.
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MATTHEW—NOTE ON MATTHEW 26:15 THIRTY PIECES OF SILVER. In the OT,
this was the penalty paid by the owner of an ox that gored a slave to
death (Exodus 21:32). Equivalent to about four months’ wages for a
laborer, this meager sum suggests the low esteem in which both Judas
and the chief priests held J... [ Continue Reading ]
MATTHEW—NOTE ON MATTHEW 26:17 FIRST DAY OF UNLEAVENED BREAD. The
Festival of Unleavened Bread lasted seven days in the Jewish month of
Nisan (late March or early April; see Leviticus 23:5). PREPARE FOR YOU
TO EAT THE PASSOVER. Preparations for the Passover were made on
Thursday afternoon. Jesus and... [ Continue Reading ]
MATTHEW—NOTE ON MATTHEW 26:20 RECLINED AT TABLE. In formal dining,
the host took the center seat at a U-shaped series of low tables. He
was surrounded by the most honored guests on either side. The guests
reclined with their heads toward the tables and their feet toward the
wall.
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MATTHEW—NOTE ON MATTHEW 26:23 HE WHO HAS DIPPED HIS HAND IN THE DISH
WITH ME. The custom was to take a piece of bread or a piece of meat in
bread and dip it into a common bowl of sauce on the table. Each of
those around the room had done so. At this point the betrayer could
have been any of the Twel... [ Continue Reading ]
MATTHEW—NOTE ON MATTHEW 26:24 AS IT IS WRITTEN. A reference to the
suffering servant prophesies in Isaiah 42:1.
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MATTHEW—NOTE ON MATTHEW 26:25 RABBI. The larger group around the
table addresses Jesus as “Lord” (v. Matthew 26:22), but Judas
addresses him as “Rabbi,” or “Teacher.” There is no record of
Judas ever calling Jesus “Lord.” YOU HAVE SAID SO is a Greek
expression that deflects responsibility back upon... [ Continue Reading ]
MATTHEW—NOTE ON MATTHEW 26:26 BREAD... THIS IS MY BODY. Jesus’
physical death fulfills the ceremonies surrounding the Passover lamb
and other OT sacrifices. He will become the sacrificial atonement for
the people’s sins.
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MATTHEW—NOTE ON MATTHEW 26:27 CUP. Most likely the third of four
cups in the Passover observance—the cup of blessing, or the cup of
redemption. It corresponds to God’s third promise in Exodus 6:6.
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MATTHEW—NOTE ON MATTHEW 26:28 BLOOD OF THE COVENANT. The cup
foreshadows the shedding of Jesus’ blood and his absorbing of
God’s wrath. This opens the way for the redemption of all peoples
through the new covenant relationship with God that was promised to
the people of Israel (see Jeremiah 31:31, J... [ Continue Reading ]
MATTHEW—NOTE ON MATTHEW 26:29 DRINK IT NEW WITH YOU IN MY FATHER’S
KINGDOM. The messianic banquet (compare Matthew 8:11; Revelation
19:9).
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MATTHEW—NOTE ON MATTHEW 26:30 HYMN. Perhaps Psalms 113:1, or Psalms
136:1.
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MATTHEW—NOTE ON MATTHEW 26:31 YOU WILL ALL FALL AWAY. All the
disciples will forsake Jesus and run (v. Matthew 26:56). They will
still be his disciples, but they will fail to stand with him against
persecution.
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MATTHEW—NOTE ON MATTHEW 26:34 ROOSTER CROWS. Marking the sunrise.
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MATTHEW—NOTE ON MATTHEW 26:36 GETHSEMANE means “oil press,”
indicating a garden area on the Mount of Olives where olive oil was
prepared.
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MATTHEW—NOTE ON MATTHEW 26:39 FELL ON HIS FACE. In this typical
posture of complete humility in prayer, Jesus lays his life before his
Father. He prepares to accomplish his life’s mission—to bear the
sins of the world—which is what THIS CUP signifies. See note on
20:22–23.
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MATTHEW—NOTE ON MATTHEW 26:41 Their TEMPTATION was to sleep and thus
to fail in their responsibility to support Jesus. It may also refer to
the temptation to deny Jesus when he is led away to the cross (see vv.
Matthew 26:31).
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MATTHEW—NOTE ON MATTHEW 26:47 ONE OF THE TWELVE. See note on v. 14.
The GREAT CROWD included Roman soldiers assigned to the temple for
security, carrying SWORDS, and temple police and personal guards of
the CHIEF PRIESTS and Sanhedrin (ELDERS), carrying CLUBS.
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MATTHEW—NOTE ON MATTHEW 26:48 KISS. A customary way for friends in
ancient Israel to greet one another now becomes the means of betrayal.
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MATTHEW—NOTE ON MATTHEW 26:49 RABBI. See note on v. 25.
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MATTHEW—NOTE ON MATTHEW 26:50 When Jesus addresses Judas as FRIEND,
he uses a word meaning “acquaintance,” rather than a word implying
closeness or affection.
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MATTHEW—NOTE ON MATTHEW 26:51 ONE OF THOSE WHO WERE WITH JESUS.
Simon Peter (see John 18:10). SERVANT OF THE HIGH PRIEST. Malchus (see
John 18:10).
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MATTHEW—NOTE ON MATTHEW 26:53 TWELVE LEGIONS. 72,000 soldiers. A
Roman legion at full strength had 6,000 soldiers.
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MATTHEW—NOTE ON MATTHEW 26:56 Compare Psalms 22:1; Isaiah 53:1;
Zechariah 12:1.
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MATTHEW—NOTE ON MATTHEW 26:57 The headquarters of CAIAPHAS THE HIGH
PRIEST was likely a mansion, probably on the eastern slope of
Jerusalem, overlooking the temple area.
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MATTHEW—NOTE ON MATTHEW 26:59 THE WHOLE COUNCIL (the
“Sanhedrin”) need not include all 70 members of the highest court
of the Jews. It may indicate only those hastily assembled in the
middle of the night (23 members made a quorum). The Romans were
ultimately in control of all judicial proceedings, b... [ Continue Reading ]
MATTHEW—NOTE ON MATTHEW 26:61 I AM ABLE TO DESTROY THE TEMPLE OF
GOD. Jesus’ opponents misquoted this saying and took it out of
context (see John 2:19).
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MATTHEW—NOTE ON MATTHEW 26:63 Jesus is SILENT, fulfilling Isaiah
53:7 and making his accusers responsible for his death. TELL US IF YOU
ARE THE CHRIST. Caiaphas wants Jesus to admit to this charge so that
he can be accused of rebellion against Rome and be tried before
Pilate.
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MATTHEW—NOTE ON MATTHEW 26:64 YOU HAVE SAID SO. See note on v. 25.
Jesus declares that he is not only the human Messiah anticipated by
the Jews but also the divine SON OF MAN (see Daniel 7:13; note on
Matthew 8:20) who sits at the RIGHT HAND of God (Psalms 110:1).
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MATTHEW—NOTE ON MATTHEW 26:65 TORE HIS ROBES. Such an action was
normally prohibited for the high priest (Leviticus 10:6; Leviticus
21:10), but Jesus’ astounding claim causes a strong response.
BLASPHEMY. Because Jesus claims divine status as the Son of Man.
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MATTHEW—NOTE ON MATTHEW 26:66 If Jesus is lying by claiming to be
divine, then indeed he DESERVES DEATH according to Jewish law (see
Leviticus 24:10). The irony is that he will be executed for telling
the truth.
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MATTHEW—NOTE ON MATTHEW 26:71 OATH. See Matthew 5:33.
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MATTHEW—NOTE ON MATTHEW 26:73 All of Jesus’ disciples except Judas
were from Galilee. Judeans looked down on Galileans because of their
regional ACCENT.
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MATTHEW—NOTE ON MATTHEW 26:74 CURSE... SWEAR. Most likely calling
upon God’s wrath to strike him if he is lying.
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