1 Peter 2:1-10
Continuation of practical admonition with appeal to additional ground-principles illustrating the thesis of 1 Peter 1:10.... [ Continue Reading ]
Continuation of practical admonition with appeal to additional ground-principles illustrating the thesis of 1 Peter 1:10.... [ Continue Reading ]
_Put away then all malice all guile and hypocrisy and envy all backbiting_. οὖν resumes διό (1 Peter 1:13). The faults to be put away fall into three groups, divided by the prefix _all_, and correspond to the virtues of 1 Peter 1:22 (ὑπόκρισιν ἀνυπόκριτον). The special connection of the command with... [ Continue Reading ]
ὡς, _inasmuch as you are newborn babes: cf._ ἀναγεγεννημένοι (1 Peter 1:23). The development of the metaphor rests upon the saying, _unless ye be turned and become as the children_ (ὡς τὰ παιδία) _ye shall not enter into the kingdom of heaven_ (Matthew 18:3). βρέφη (only here in metaphorical sense)... [ Continue Reading ]
St. Peter adopts the language of Psalms 34:9, omitting καὶ ἔδετε as inappropriate to γάλα. χρηστός (identical in sound with χριστός) = _dulcis_ (Vulg.) or _kind_ (_cf._ χρηστότης θεοῦ, Romans 2:4; Romans 11:22). Compare Hebrews 6:4 f. γευσαμένους τῆς δωρεᾶς τῆς ἐπουρανίου … καὶ καλὸν γευσαμένους θεο... [ Continue Reading ]
πρὸς ὃν προσερχ. from Psalms 34:6, προσελθόντες πρὸς αὐτὸν (Heb. and Targum, _they looked unto Him_; Syriac, _look ye._ …). Cyprian uses Isaiah 2:2 f.; Psalms 23:3 f. to prove that the stone becomes a mountain to which the Gentiles _come_ and the just ascend. λίθον ζῶντα, a paradox which has no obvi... [ Continue Reading ]
Passages of scripture proving that Christ is called stone are first utilised, then quoted, and finally expounded. The transition from _milk_ to the _stone_ may be explained by the prophecy _the hills shall flow with milk_ (Joel 3:18), as the stone becomes a mountain according to Daniel 3:21 f.; or b... [ Continue Reading ]
Fulfilment of the saying, Destroy this temple and in three days I will raise it (John 2:19). Christians live to God through Jesus Christ (Romans 6:11). For this development of the figure of building, _cf._ especially Ephesians 2:20 ff. οἰκοδομεῖσθε, indicative rather than imperative. “It is remarkab... [ Continue Reading ]
περιέχει ἐν γραφῇ, _it is contained in Scripture_. The formula occurs in Josephus (Ant. xi. 7, βούλομαι γενέσθαι πάντα καθὼς ἐν [τῇ ἐπιστολῇ] περιέχει) and is chosen for its comprehensiveness. περιέχει is intransitive as the simple verb and other compounds often are; _cf._ περιοχή, _contents_, Acts... [ Continue Reading ]
f. The second quotation is connected with the first by means of the parenthetic interpretation: _The “precious”-ness of the stone is for you who believe but for the unbelievers it is … “a stone of stumbling”_. It is a stereotyped conflation of Psalms 118:22 and Isaiah 8:14, which are so firmly cemen... [ Continue Reading ]
f. The Church, God's new people, has all the privileges which belonged to the Jews. In enumerating them he draws upon a current conflation of Isaiah 43:20 f., ποτίσαι τὸ γένος μου το ἐκλεκτὸν (1) λαόν μου ὃν περιεποιησάμην (4) τὰς ἀρετάς μου διηγεῖσθαι with Exod. 19:65, ὑμεῖς δὲ ἔσεσθέ μοι βασίλειον... [ Continue Reading ]
1 Peter 2:10, from Hosea 1:6; Hosea 2:1 (3); _cf._ Romans 9:25 (has καλέσω κάλεσον of Hos.); the terms are so familiar that μου is omitted by Peter as unnecessary (_cf._ γένος ἐκ. for τὸ γ. μου ἐ.).... [ Continue Reading ]
f. indicate generally the subject to be discussed. Beloved I exhort you to abstain from the lusts of the flesh, because they wage war against the soul. Standers and even torments can only affect the body. But the lusts natural or acquired which you have renounced may hinder your salvation, as they h... [ Continue Reading ]
Adaptation of the saying, ὅπως ἴδωσιν ὑμῶν τὰ καλὰ ἔργα καὶ δοξάσωσιν τὸν πατέρα ὑμῶν τὸν ἐν τοῖς οὐρανοῖς (Matthew 5:16). The good behaviour on which the resolved ἀναστρέφεσθαι permits stress to be laid is the fruit of the abstinence of 1 Peter 2:2; _cf._ Hebrews 13:8; James 3:13. This second admon... [ Continue Reading ]
The duty of the Christian towards the State; compare Romans 13:1-7. πάσῃ ἀνθρωπίνῃ κτίσει, _every human institution_, including rulers (14), masters (18), and husbands (1 Peter 3:1). κτίζειν is used ordinarily in many senses, _e.g._, of peopling a country, of founding a city, of setting up games, fe... [ Continue Reading ]
ὡς ἐλεύθεροι, the contrast with τῆς κακίας supports the connection of ἐ, in thought with ἀγαθοποιοῦντας, which explains the nature of the self-subjection required. Christians are _free_ (Matthew 17:26 f. _q.v._; John 8:36; Galatians 2:4) and therefore must submit to authority. Peter generalises summ... [ Continue Reading ]
Sweeping clause based partly on Romans 13:7 f. (_cf._ Matthew 22:21), partly on Proverbs 24:21, φοβοῦ τὸν θεὸν υἰὲ καὶ βασιλέα καὶ μηθετέρῳ αὐτῶν ἀπειθήσῃς. πάντας τιμήσατε. The aorist imperative is used because the present would be ambiguous; _cf._ ἀπόδοτε, Rom. _l.c._, and for matter, Romans 12:10... [ Continue Reading ]
f. Summary application of the teaching of Jesus recorded in Luke 6:27-36 = Matthew 5:39-48. χάρις seems to be an abbreviation of the O.T. idiom _to find favour_ (תן) _with God cf._ χάρις παρὰ θεῷ (20) taken from St. Luke's version of the saying, εἰ ἀγαπᾶτε τοὺς ἀγαπῶντας ὑμᾶς, ποία ὑμῖν χάρις ἔστιν... [ Continue Reading ]
εἰς τοῦτο, _sc._ to do well and to suffer, if need be, without flinching, as Christ did. ἐκλήθητε, _sc._ by God; _cf._ διὰ τὴν συνείδησιν θεοῦ. ἔπαθεν ὑπὲρ ἡμῶν, 1 Peter 2:22 supplies the essential point, which would be readily supplied, but Christ's suffering was undeserved (δίκαιος ὑπὲρ ἀδίκων, 1... [ Continue Reading ]
= Isaiah 43:9, ἁμ. being put for ἀνομίαν (חמם) and εὑρ. δόλος (so [149] c [150] [151] [152], etc.) for δόλον (= Heb.) of LXX. The latter variation is due to conjunction of Zephaniah 3:13, οὐ μὴ εὑρεθῇ έν τῷ στόματι αὐτῶν γλῶσσα δολία : Christ being identified with the Remnant. The former appears in... [ Continue Reading ]
Combination of the Scripture οὐκ ἀνοίγει τὸ στόμα (Isaiah 43:7) with the saying ὅταν ὀνειδίσωσιν και διώξωσιν (Matthew 5:11). For λοιδ. _cf._ 1 Corinthians 4:12. λοιδορούμενοι εὐλογοῦμεν of Matt. _l.c._), John 9:28, the Jews ἐλοιδόρησαν the once blina man as Jesus' disciple and, for O.T. type Deuter... [ Continue Reading ]
Christ was not only _well-doer_ but _benefactor_. τὰς ἁμ.… ἀνήνεγκεν comes from Isaiah 53:12, LXX, καὶ αὐτὸς ἁμαρτίας πολλῶν ἀνήνεγκεν (נשא usually translated λαμβάνειν), used also Hebrews 9:28. Christ is the perfect sin-offering: “Himself the victim and Himself the priest. The form of expression _o... [ Continue Reading ]
= Isaiah 53:6, πάντες ὡς πρόβατα ἐπλανήθημεν combined with Ezekiel 34:6, where this conception of the people and their teachers (_the shepherds of Israel_) is elaborated and the latter denounced because τὸ πλανώμενον οὐκ ἐπεστρέψατε Further the use of this metaphor in the context presupposes the say... [ Continue Reading ]