Duty of wives (Ephesians 5:21-24; Colossians 3:18; Titus 2:4) Submissiveness and true adornment. τοῖς ἰδίοις ἀνδράσιν, _your own husbands_, the motive for submissiveness, Ephesians 5:22; Titus 2:4. St. Peter assumes knowledge of the reason alleged by St. Paul (Eph. _l.c._; 1 Corinthians 9:3) after G... [ Continue Reading ]
ἐποπτεύσαντες, _having contemplated_; see on 1 Peter 2:12. τὴν … ὑμῶν. ἐν φόβῳ, _cf._ 1 Peter 1:17 and Ephesians 5:21. ὑποτασσόμενοι ἀλλήλοις ἐν φόβῳ Χριστοῦ · αἱ γυναῖκες : as no object is expressed, τοῦ θεοῦ must be supplied. ἁγνήν not merely _chaste_ but _pure, cf._ 1 Peter 1:22 and 1 Peter 3:4.... [ Continue Reading ]
The description of the external ornaments proper to heathen society seems to be based on Isaiah 3:17-23. where the destruction of the hair, jewels and raiment of the daughters of Zion is foretold. ἐμπλοκῆς τριχῶν, _braiding of hair_. 1 Timothy 2:9, πλέγμασιν καὶ χρυσίῳ refers to the golden combs and... [ Continue Reading ]
_Yours be the secret man of the heart not the outward ornament_. A better antithesis and a pretty paradox would be secured by supplying ἄνθρωπος with ὁ ἔξωθεν and taking κ. as predicate: your ornament be _cf._ οὕτως ἐκόσμουν ἑαυτάς (1 Peter 3:5). But the order in 1 Peter 3:3 is against this and a Gr... [ Continue Reading ]
ποτε refers vaguely to O.T. history as part of αἱ … θεόν. References to the holy women of the O.T. are rare in N.T. and this appeal to their example illustrates the affinity of Peter to Heb. (Hebrews 11:11; Hebrews 11:35). Hannah is the obviously appropriate type (_cf._ Luke 1 with 2 Samuel 1 f.); b... [ Continue Reading ]
ὡς … καλοῦσα. The only evidence that can be adduced from the O.T. narrative is _Sarah laughed within herself and said … “but my lord is old_ ” (Genesis 18:12). The phrase, if pressed, implies a nominal subjection as of a slave to her lord, but the context at any rate excludes _any hope in God_. Phil... [ Continue Reading ]
_Duty of husbands to their wives_. Application of principle πάντας τιμήσατε. κατὰ γνῶσιν, for the woman is the weaker vessel the pot which the stronger the cauldron may easily smash (Sir 13:2). ὡς, κ. τ. λ. point with comma after γνῶσιν and τιμήν. σκεύει. The comparison of Creator and creature to po... [ Continue Reading ]
f. Sweeping clause addressed to all, inculcating detailed φιλαδελφία after Romans 12:10; Romans 12:15-17. 1 Peter 3:8. τὸ … τέλος, _finally_. Oecumenius brings out the possible connotations of the word _goal_ and also the law for all love since love is the end of the law. ὁμόφρονες, _of one mind, un... [ Continue Reading ]
μὴ … κακοῦ, from Romans 12:17; _cf._ 1 Thessalonians 5:15; Proverbs 20:22, _Say not I will recompense evil_ (LXX τίσομαι τὸν ἐχθρόν): an approximation to Christ's repeal of the _lex talionis_ (Matthew 5:38 ff.) which Plato first opposed among the Greeks (see _Crito._, p. 49, with Adam's note). λοιδο... [ Continue Reading ]
Peter omits the rhetorical question τίς ἐστιν ἄνθρωπος, which introduces ὁ θέλων in the original (LXX = Hebrew) but is influenced by it in the substitution of the third for the second person throughout. The change of ἀγαπῶν (= Hebrew) to ἀγαπᾶν καὶ removes the barbarisms θέλων ζωήν and ἀγαπῶν ἰδεῖν... [ Continue Reading ]
1 Peter 3:10-12 = Psalms 34:12-17 a. introduced by mere γάρ as familiar. The lips of Christians who wish to love life must be free from cursing and from guile as were Christ's (_cf._ Isa. _apud_ ii. 23). If Jehovah is to hear their petition as He heard Christ's they also must turn from evil and do g... [ Continue Reading ]
πρόσωπον Κυρίου, _Jehovah's face, i.e., wrath_ (Targum, _the face of Jehovah was angry_) as the following clause, _to cut off the remembrance of them_ … shows; _cf._ Lamentations 4:16; Psalms 21:9. But Peter stops short and leaves room for repentance. Ver, 13. κακώσων echoes ποιοῦντας κακά (as ζηλ.... [ Continue Reading ]
ἀλλʼ … μακάριοι. _Nay if ye should actually suffer_ if some one, despite the prophet (1 Peter 3:13), should harm you _for the sake of righteousness, blessed are ye_. Peter appeals to the saying, μακάριοι οἱ δεδιωγμένοι ἕνεκεν δικαιοσύνης (Matthew 5:10). πάσχοιτε, ει with optative (_cf._ 1 Peter 3:17... [ Continue Reading ]
κρεῖττον, _cf._ 1 Peter 2:19 f., where χάρις κλέος correspond to μισθὸν περισσόν of the sources. εἰ θέλοι τὸ θέλημα θεοῦ. Again optative implies that it is a purely hypothetical case (_cf._ 1 Peter 3:14). For the semi-personification of _the will of God_ compare Ephesians 1:11, where the θέλημα has... [ Continue Reading ]
The advantage of suffering for well-doing is exemplified in the experience of Christ, who gained thereby quickening (1 Peter 3:21) and glory (1 Peter 3:22). How far the pattern applies to the Christian is not clear. Christ suffered _once for all_ according to Hebrews 9:24-28; the Christian suffers _... [ Continue Reading ]
Baptism is generally the antitype of the deliverance of Noah. Christians pass _through water_ (in both senses) to salvation; in each microcosm are the sins which must be washed away and the remnant which is to be saved. Therefore the antitypical water saves us (ὅ = τὸ ὕδωρ > διʼ ὕδατος) being οὐ σαρ... [ Continue Reading ]
Christ went into Heaven and now is on God's right hand (Psalms 110:1) when angels and authorities and powers had subjected themselves to Him in accordance with prophecy (Psalms 8:7; _cf._ Hebrews 2:8; 1 Corinthians 15:24 ff.). For the orders of angels see also Romans 8:38; Ephesians 1:21. Clearly th... [ Continue Reading ]