ὡς ἀγνοούμενοι καὶ ἐπιγινωσκόμενοι : as unknown, sc., an obscure person without proper credentials (cf. 2 Corinthians 3:2; 2 Corinthians 10:10), and yet well known (cf. 2 Corinthians 11:6). ὡς ἀποθνήσκοντες καὶ ἰδοὺ ζῶμεν : as dying (as was doubtless often reported when he was ill; see on 2 Corinthians 1:8 above, and cf. 2 Corinthians 11:23, where he speaks of the continual hazards of his life), and behold we live (cf. 2 Corinthians 4:10, where the death of the body is contrasted with the daily manifestation of the true life). ὡς παιδευόμενοι καὶ μὴ θανατούμενοι : as chastened, sc., as a punishment for his sins, which had very probably been said of him when the news of his grievous sickness (2 Corinthians 1:8, etc.) reached his foes at Corinth, but not killed. He does not deny that he has been “chastened” (see reff. and cf. chap. 2 Corinthians 12:7-9), but he recalls in thankfulness the words of Ps. 117:18, παιδεύων ἐπαίδευσέν με Κύριος, καὶ τῷ θανάτῳ οὐ παρέδωκέν με.

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Old Testament