Vv. 10. Apelles: a frequent name for freedmen at Rome, especially among Jews. Every one knows the Credat judoeus Apella of Horace. Δόκιμος, the Christian who has passed his trials, who has shown himself steadfast in his course.

The last words may denote the Christians who are of the number of Aristobulus' children, or those who belong to his house as servants. The expression used agrees better with the second meaning. It was a large house, Jewish perhaps, to which the gospel had found access.

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Old Testament

New Testament