The woman clothed with the sun was last seen (Revelation 12:1; Revelation 12:6; Revelation 12:14) in the wilderness. So, some have concluded this must be the apostate church portrayed as a whore riding on the beast in the wilderness. However, Old Testament writers use the wilderness to describe a place where God protects his people (Psalms 78:52; Isaiah 51:3; Ezekiel 34:25-31) and a wasteland of punishment. (Isaiah 50:2; Zephaniah 2:13) The harlot may be the apostate church if the wilderness of chapter 12 is the same as the one here. The beast she rides upon seems to be the one of 13:1. Scarlet was the color of luxury and royalty. (Matthew 27:28-29) It is also the color used to describe the stain of sin. (Isaiah 1:18)

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