IN THE MIDST OF THEM THAT RISE UP AGAINST ME - Or, in Leb-kamai, the
cipher for Kasdim, i. e., Chaldaea. This cipher was not necessarily
invented by Jeremiah, or used for concealment. It was probaby first
devised either for political purposes or for trade, and was in time
largely employed in the cor... [ Continue Reading ]
FANNERS - Or, winnowers.... [ Continue Reading ]
The man who bends the bow, and the heavy-armed soldier who vaunts
himself in his coat of mail (Jeremiah 46:4 note), represent the
Babylonians who defend the city.... [ Continue Reading ]
Translate it: “And they,” i. e., the young men who form her host
Jeremiah 51:3, “shall fall slain in the land of the Chaldaeans, and
pierced through in her streets,” i. e., the streets of Babylon.... [ Continue Reading ]
Literally, “A golden cup is Babel in the hand of Yahweh,
intoxicating the whole earth.” Jeremiah beholds her in her splendor,
but the wine whereof she makes the nations drink is the wrath of God.
As God’s hammer Jeremiah 50:23, Babylon was strong: as His cup of
gold, she was rich and beautiful, but... [ Continue Reading ]
DESTROYED - literally, broken, as was the hammer Jeremiah 50:23. The
cup, though of metal, is thrown down so violently as to be shattered
by the fall.
HOWL FOR HER - The persons addressed are the many inhabitants of
Babylon who were dragged from their homes to people its void places,
and especially... [ Continue Reading ]
Omit would. All was done that it was possible to do to heal her.
TO THE SKIES - Or, to the clouds.... [ Continue Reading ]
Yahweh hath brought to the light those things which prove us to be
righteous: i. e., by punishing Babylon He hath justified... [ Continue Reading ]
MAKE BRIGHT - Rather, Sharpen.
The Medes Genesis 10:2 were a branch of the great Aryan family, who as
conquerors had seized upon the vast regions extending from the Caspian
Sea to the eastern borders of Mesopotamia, but without being able to
dispossess the Turanian tribes who had previously dwelt t... [ Continue Reading ]
UPON THE WALLS OF BABYLON - Or, “against the walls.” The King
James Version takes the word ironically, as a summons to Babylon to
prepare for her defense; others take it as a summons to the army to
make the attack.... [ Continue Reading ]
UPON MANY WATERS - The great wealth of Babylonia was caused not merely
by the Euphrates, but by a vast system of canals, which served for
defense as well as for irrigation.
THE MEASURE OF THY COVETOUSNESS - i. e., the appointed end of thy
gain. Some render it: the ell of thy cutting off, i. e., the... [ Continue Reading ]
Rather, “Surely I have filled thee with men as with locusts, and
they shall sing over thee the vintage-song.” The vintage-shout
suggests the idea of trampling Babylon under foot, as the vintagers
trample the grapes; a metaphor of the divine wrath.... [ Continue Reading ]
A transcript of Jeremiah 10:12.... [ Continue Reading ]
Or, Thou art my maul, weapons of war etc. The maul or mace Proverbs
25:18 only differs from the hammer Jeremiah 50:23 in being used for
warlike purposes.
Omit the “will” in “will I break.” The crushing of the nations
was going on at the time when the prophet wrote. Most commentators
consider that B... [ Continue Reading ]
CAPTAINS ... RULERS - Jeremiah 51:28. Pashas and Sagans. The prophet
dwells at length upon Babylon’s destructiveness.... [ Continue Reading ]
O DESTROYING MOUNTAIN - A volcano which by its flames and hot
lava-streams “destroys the whole land.”
A BURNT MOUNTAIN - A burned-out mountain, of which the crater alone
remains. Such was Babylon. Its destructive energy under Nebuchadnezzar
was like the first outbreak of volcanic fires; its rapid c... [ Continue Reading ]
The prophet means that:
(1) Babylon would never again be the seat of empire. Nor
(2) would any new development of events take its rise thence.... [ Continue Reading ]
Ararat, see the Genesis 8:4 note. Minni, probably the western portion
of Armenia, as Ararat was that in the center and to the east. Armenia
was at this time subject to Media. Ashchenaz was between the Euxine
and the Caspian Seas.
A CAPTAIN - Some prefer the Septuagint rendering in Nahum 3:17 : “a
m... [ Continue Reading ]
HIS DOMINION - This belonged not to the subordinate rulers, but to the
chief, e. g., to Cyrus.... [ Continue Reading ]
The literal translation is:
Then the earth quaked and writhed;
For the thoughts of Yahweh against
Babel have stood fast;
To make Babel a waste without inhabitant.... [ Continue Reading ]
HAVE FORBORN TO FIGHT - Or, have ceased to fight: in despair when they
saw that the conflict was hopeless.
HOLDS - The word properly means an acropolis, and so any inaccessible
place of refuge.
THEY HAVE BURNED - i. e., the enemy have burned.
BARS - i. e., fortifications (compare Amos 1:5).... [ Continue Reading ]
The royal palace was a strong fortification in the heart of the city.
The messengers thus met one another.
AT ONE END - Rather, from all sides, entirely, completely.... [ Continue Reading ]
THE PASSAGES ARE STOPPED - The ferries are seized, occupied. The
historians state that when Cyrus captured the city his troops moved
down the bed of the river and occupied all these ferries, finding at
each of them the gates negligently left open. See the Daniel 5:1 note.
THE REEDS - literally, the... [ Continue Reading ]
Translate, “The daughter of Babylon is as a threshing-floor at the
time when it is trampled,” i. e., trodden hard in readiness for the
threshing: “yet a little while and the harvest-time” shall come to
her, i. e., overtake her. In the East, the grain when reaped is
carried at once to the threshing-f... [ Continue Reading ]
Literally, “Nebuchadrezzar ... hath devoured us, hath crushed us, he
hath set as aside as an empty vessel, he hath swallowed as like a
crocodile, he hath filled his maw with my delicacies Genesis 49:20, he
hath cast us out. My wrong and my flesh be upon Babylon, shall the
inhabitress of Zion say: an... [ Continue Reading ]
HER SEA - Probably the great lake dug by Nitocris to receive the
waters of the Euphrates.
HER SPRINGS - Her reservoir; the whole system of canals dug Jeremiah
51:13. The wealth of Babylonia depended upon irrigation.... [ Continue Reading ]
HEAPS - Of rubbish, formed in this case by the decay of the unburned
bricks of which Babylon was built. It is these heaps which have
yielded such a large wealth of historical documents in our own days.
DRAGONS - Jackals Jeremiah 10:22.... [ Continue Reading ]
YELL - Or, growl.... [ Continue Reading ]
IN THEIR HEAT ... - While, like so many young lions, they are in the
full glow of excitement over their prey, God prepares for them a
drinking-bout to end in the sleep of death. Compare Daniel 5:1.... [ Continue Reading ]
LAMBS ... RAMS ... HE GOATS - i. e., all classes of the population
(see Isaiah 34:6 note).... [ Continue Reading ]
SHESHACH - Babylon: see the Jeremiah 51:1 note.
SURPRISED - i. e., seized, captured.... [ Continue Reading ]
By a grand metaphor the invading army is compared to the sea.... [ Continue Reading ]
A WILDERNESS - Or, a desert of sand.
A LAND WHEREIN - Rather, “a land - no man shall dwell in them (i.
e., its cities), and no human being shall pass through them.”... [ Continue Reading ]
The sacred vessels plundered from Jerusalem, and laid up in the very
temple of Bel, should be restored; the men and women dragged from
other lands to people the city, released; and its wall falling would
show the insignificance to which it should be reduced.... [ Continue Reading ]
THE FIERCE ANGER OF THE LORD - i. e., against Babylon. The people of
God are to flee away that they may not be involved in the miseries of
Babylon. See the Jeremiah 50:8 note.... [ Continue Reading ]
Literally, “And beware lest your heart faint, and ye be afraid
because of the rumour that is heard in the land: for in one year shall
one rumour come, and afterward in another year another rumour; and
violence shall be in the land etc.” The fall of Babylon was to be
preceded by a state of unquiet, m... [ Continue Reading ]
THEREFORE - The exiles were to note these things as signs of the
approach of God’s visitation.
CONFOUNDED - Or, ashamed.... [ Continue Reading ]
Render, “As Babylon caused the slain of Israel to fall, so because
of Babylon, hare fallen the slain of (or, in) the whole earth.”
Babylon has to answer for the general carnage caused by its wars.... [ Continue Reading ]
AFAR OFF - Or, from afar, from Chaldaea, far away from Yahweh’s
dwelling in Jerusalem. The verse is a renewed entreaty to the Jews to
leave Babylon and journey homewards, as soon as Cyrus grants them
permission.... [ Continue Reading ]
CONFOUNDED - Or, ashamed. The verse is a statement of the wrong done
to the exiles by Babylon, and so leads naturally to Babylon’s
punishment Jeremiah 51:52.... [ Continue Reading ]
A CRY - i. e., the war-cry.... [ Continue Reading ]
Render, “For Yahweh wasteth Babylon, and will make to cease from her
the loud noise (of busy life); and their wares (the surging masses of
the enemy) roar like many waters: the noise of their shouting is given
forth, i. e., resounds.”... [ Continue Reading ]
EVERY ONE ... - Or, “Their bows are broken, for Yahweh is a God of
recompenses; He will certainly requite.”... [ Continue Reading ]
THE BROAD WALLS - Herodotus makes the breadth of the walls 85 English
feet.
BROKEN - See the margin. i. e., the ground beneath them shall be laid
bare by their demolition.
THE PEOPLE - Or, peoples. Jeremiah concludes his prophecy with a
quotation from Habakkuk; applying the words to the stupendous... [ Continue Reading ]
Historical appendix. In his fourth year Zedekiah journeyed to Babylon
either to obtain some favor from Nebuchadnezzar, or because he was
summoned to be present on some state occasion. Jeremiah took the
opportunity of sending to the exiles at Babylon this prophecy.
Jeremiah 51:59
SERAIAH - Brother... [ Continue Reading ]