in journeyings often, in perils of rivers, in perils of robbers, in perils from my countrymen, in perils from the Gentiles, in perils in the city, in perils in the wilderness, in perils in the sea, in perils among false brethren [Disasters at sea remind Paul of similar trials by land, and the eightfold reiteration of "perils" emphasizes the fact that he was nowhere safe. Traveling in those days was both arduous and dangerous. The highways were infested with robbers and the streams were often without bridges, the mountain torrents were sudden and violent in their risings, and the science of navigation and the art of shipbuilding were each extremely crude. For perils from his own countrymen, see Acts 13:45; Acts 13:50; Acts 14:2; Acts 14:5; Acts 17:5; Acts 17:13; Acts 18:15; Acts 19:9; Acts 21:27. They even attempted to take his life a few weeks later as he was leaving Jerusalem (Acts 23). For perils from the Gentiles, see Acts 19:30-31. For his perils in the cities, see 2 Corinthians 11:32 and Acts 9:24-25; Acts 9:29; Acts 13:50; Acts 14:5; Acts 14:19; Acts 16:19; Acts 17:5; Acts 17:13; Acts 18:12; Acts 19:23. Perils from false brethren were the most distressing of all, for they wounded the affections-- Philippians 3:18; Galatians 2:4];

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Old Testament