IN LIKE MANNER (ομοιως). Adverb closely connected with υποτασσομενο, for which see 1 Peter 2:18.YE WIVES (γυναικες). Without article. About wives see also Colossians 3:18; Ephesians 5:22; Titus 2:4.TO YOUR OWN HUSBANDS (τοις ιδιοις ανδρασιν). Ιδιοις occurs also in Ephesians and Titus, but not... [ Continue Reading ]
BEHOLDING (εποπτευσαντες). First aorist active participle of εποπτευω, for which see 1 Peter 2:12. See 1 Peter 2:12 also for αναστροφην manner of life).CHASTE (αγνην). Pure because "in fear" (εν φοβω), no word in the Greek for "coupled," fear of God, though in Ephesians 5:33 fear (reverence for... [ Continue Reading ]
WHOSE ADORNING (ων κοσμος). Genitive plural of the relative referring to γυναικων (wives). Κοσμος has here its old meaning of ornament (cf. our cosmetics), not the common one of world (John 17:5) considered as an orderly whole. _Mundus_ in Latin is used in this double sense (ornament, world).LET... [ Continue Reading ]
BUT THE HIDDEN MAN OF THE HEART (αλλ' ο κρυπτος της καρδιας ανθρωπος). Here ανθρωπος is in contrast with κοσμος just before. See Paul's use of ανθρωπος for the outer and old, the inner and new man (2 Corinthians 4:16; Romans 7:22; Colossians 3:9; Ephesians 3:16; Ephesians 4:22; Ephesians 4:24). Se... [ Continue Reading ]
ADORNED THEMSELVES (εκοσμουν εαυτας). Imperfect active of customary action, "used to adorn themselves." Κοσμεω is old verb from κοσμος in the sense in verse 1 Peter 3:3. See Hebrews 11:11; Hebrews 11:35 for like tribute to holy women of the O.T. The participle υποτασσομενα repeats verse 1 Peter 3... [ Continue Reading ]
AS SARAH (ως Σαρρα).OBEYED ABRAHAM (υπηκουεν τω Αβρααμ). Imperfect active of υπακουω, "used to obey" (with dative).CALLING HIM LORD (κυριον αυτον καλουσα). Present active participle of καλεω. See Genesis 18:12.WHOSE CHILDREN YE NOW ARE (ης εγενηθητε τεκνα). First aorist passive indicative o... [ Continue Reading ]
YE HUSBANDS LIKEWISE (ο ανδρες ομοιως). Probably "likewise" here refers to honouring all men (1 Peter 2:17), not "likewise" of 1 Peter 3:1.DWELL WITH (συνοικουντες). Present active participle of συνοικεω, old verb for domestic association, here only in N.T. Used as imperative here like the part... [ Continue Reading ]
FINALLY (το τελος). Adverbial accusative. Conclusion, not of the Epistle, but only of the addresses to various classes. No verb (εστε imperative, be) here.LIKEMINDED (ομοφρονες). Old compound (ομοσ, φρην), here only in N.T.COMPASSIONATE (συμπαθεις). Old adjective (συν, πασχω), in N.T. only he... [ Continue Reading ]
NOT RENDERING EVIL FOR EVIL (μη αποδιδοντες κακον αντ κακου). Μη and the present active participle of αποδιδωμ, to give back. The same phrase in Romans 12:17 and the same idea in 1 Thessalonians 5:15. Peter may have obtained it from Paul or both from Proverbs 17:13; Proverbs 20:22, "an approximat... [ Continue Reading ]
FOR (γαρ). Reason for the entire exhortation in verses 1 Peter 3:8; 1 Peter 3:9 and introducing in verses 1 Peter 3:10-12 a quotation from Psalms 34:13-17 with some slight changes.WOULD LOVE LIFE (θελων ζωην αγαπαιν). "Wishing to love life." This present life. The LXX expressions are obscure He... [ Continue Reading ]
LET HIM TURN AWAY (εκκλινατω). First aorist active imperative third person singular of εκκλινω, where the LXX has εκκλινον (second person singular). Old verb, in N.T. only here, Romans 3:12; Romans 16:17. Peter adapted the passage all through to his own construction and use. So as to ποιησατω (le... [ Continue Reading ]
UPON (επ). In the case of righteous (δικαιους, in the O.T. sense like δικαιον Λοτ in 2 Peter 2:7) for their good, but in the case of men "that do evil" (επ ποιουντας κακα, "upon men doing evil things") "the face of the Lord" (προσωπον κυριου) is not for their good, επ here approaching "against" i... [ Continue Reading ]
THAT WILL HARM YOU (ο κακωσων υμας). Future active articular participle of κακοω, old verb (from κακος, bad) as in Acts 7:6; Acts 7:19. Any real hurt, either that wishes to harm you or that can harm. See the words in Isaiah 50:9.IF YE BE (εαν γενησθε). Rather, "if ye become" (condition of third... [ Continue Reading ]
BUT AND IF YE SHOULD SUFFER (αλλ' ε κα πασχοιτε). "But if ye should also (or even) suffer." Condition of the fourth class with ε and the optative (undetermined with less likelihood), a rare condition in the vernacular _Koine_, since the optative was a dying mode. If matters, in spite of the prophe... [ Continue Reading ]
SANCTIFY (αγιασατε). First aorist active imperative of αγιαζω. This instead of being afraid.CHRIST AS LORD (κυριον τον Χριστον). Τον Χριστον, direct object with article and κυριον predicate accusative (without article). This is the correct text, not τον θεον of the Textus Receptus. An adaptatio... [ Continue Reading ]
HAVING A GOOD CONSCIENCE (συνειδησιν εχοντες αγαθην). Present active participle of εχω. See 1 Peter 2:18 for συνειδησιν and 1 Peter 3:21 for συνειδησις αγαθη again ("a quasi-personification," Hart).THAT THEY MAY BE PUT TO SHAME (ινα καταισχυνθωσιν). Purpose clause with ινα and the first aorist... [ Continue Reading ]
BETTER (κρειττον). Comparative of κρατυς as in 2 Peter 2:21; Hebrews 1:4. Patient endurance not only silences calumny (verse 1 Peter 3:16), is Christlike (verse 1 Peter 3:18), but it has a value of its own (verse 1 Peter 3:17).IF THE WILL OF GOD SHOULD SO WILL (ε θελο το θελημα του θεου). Condi... [ Continue Reading ]
BECAUSE CHRIST ALSO DIED (οτ κα Χριστος απεθανεν). So the best MSS.; later ones επαθεν (suffered). The example of Christ should stir us to patient endurance.FOR SINS (περ αμαρτιων). "Concerning sins" (not his, but ours, 1 Peter 1:18). Περ (around, concerning) with αμαρτιας in the regular phrase... [ Continue Reading ]
IN WHICH ALSO (εν ω κα). That is, in spirit (relative referring to πνευματ). But, a number of modern scholars have followed Griesbach's conjecture that the original text was either Νωε κα (Noah also), or Ενωχ κα (Enoch also), or εν ω κα Ενωχ (in which Enoch also) which an early scribe misunderstoo... [ Continue Reading ]
WHICH AFORETIME WERE DISOBEDIENT (απειθησασιν ποτε). First aorist active participle of απειθεω (for which verb see 1 Peter 3:20) in the dative plural agreeing with πνευμασιν. These spirits now in prison once upon a time (ποτε) were disobedient (typical rebels, Hart calls them).WAITED (απεξεδεχετ... [ Continue Reading ]
WHICH ALSO (ο κα). Water just mentioned.AFTER A TRUE LIKENESS (αντιτυπον). Water in baptism now as an anti-type of Noah's deliverance by water. For βαπτισμα see on Matthew 3:7. For αντιτυπον see on Hebrews 9:24 (only other N.T. example) where the word is used of the earthly tabernacle correspon... [ Continue Reading ]
HAVING GONE (πορευθεις). First aorist (deponent) participle (not periphrastic) of πορευομα.BEING MADE SUBJECT (υποταγεντων). Second aorist passive participle of υποτασσω (see 1 Peter 2:18; 1 Peter 3:1) in the genitive absolute construction.UNTO HIM (αυτω). Christ. See 1 Corinthians 15:28.... [ Continue Reading ]