FOR AS MUCH THEN AS CHRIST SUFFERED IN THE FLESH (Χριστου ουν παθοντος σαρκ). Genitive absolute with second aorist active participle of πασχω, to suffer, and the locative case of σαρξ (flesh). The ουν (then, therefore) draws and applies the main lesson of 1 Peter 3:18-22, the fact that Christ suf... [ Continue Reading ]
THAT YE NO LONGER SHOULD LIVE (εις το μηκετ βιωσα). Purpose clause with εις το (negative μη) and the first aorist (for the Attic second aorist βιωνα) active infinitive of βιοω, old verb, to spend a life (from βιος, course of life, Luke 8:14), here only in N.T.THE REST OF YOUR TIME IN THE FLESH... [ Continue Reading ]
PAST (παρεληλυθως). Perfect active participle of the compound verb παρερχομα, old verb, to go by (beside) as in Matthew 14:15 with ωρα (hour).MAY SUFFICE (αρκετος). No copula in the Greek, probably εστιν (is) rather than δυνατα (can). Late and rare verbal adjective from αρκεω, to suffice, in th... [ Continue Reading ]
WHEREIN (εν ω). "In which thing" (manner of life).THEY THINK IT STRANGE (ξενιζοντα). Present passive indicative of ξενιζω, old verb (from ξενος, stranger), to entertain a guest (Acts 10:23), to astonish (Acts 17:20). See also 1 Peter 4:12. "They are surprised or astonished."THAT YE RUN NOT WITH... [ Continue Reading ]
WHO SHALL GIVE ACCOUNT (ο αποδωσουσιν λογον). Future active indicative of αποδιδωμ. For this use with λογον (account) see Matthew 12:36; Luke 16:2; Acts 19:40; Hebrews 13:17. For the sudden use of the relative ο see Romans 3:8.TO HIM THAT IS READY TO JUDGE (τω ετοιμως κρινοντ). Dative, "to the o... [ Continue Reading ]
WAS THE GOSPEL PREACHED (ευηγγελισθη). First aorist passive indicative of ευαγγελιζω. Impersonal use.EVEN TO THE DEAD (κα νεκροις). Does Peter here mean preached to men after they are dead or to men once alive but dead now or when the judgment comes? There are those (Augustine, Luther, etc.) who... [ Continue Reading ]
BUT THE END OF ALL THINGS IS AT HAND (παντων δε το τελος ηγγικεν). Perfect active indicative of εγγιζω, to draw near, common late verb (from εγγυς), same form used by the Baptist of the Messiah's arrival (Matthew 3:2) and by James in 1 Peter 5:8 (of the second coming). How near Peter does not say,... [ Continue Reading ]
ABOVE ALL THINGS (προ παντων). See this phrase in James 5:12.BEING FERVENT (εκτενη εχοντες). Present active participle of εχοντες and predicate accusative of adjective εκτενης (from εκτεινω, to stretch out), stretched out, here only in N.T., "holding intent you love among yourselves."FOR LOVE C... [ Continue Reading ]
USING HOSPITALITY (φιλοξενο). "Friendly to strangers," old word (from φιλοσ, ξενος), in N.T. only here and 1 Timothy 3:2; Titus 1:8. No verb here in the Greek.WITHOUT MURMURING (ανευ γογγυσμου). Like χωρις γογγυσμων in Philippians 2:14. Complaint spoils hospitality. Jesus enjoined the entertain... [ Continue Reading ]
GIFT (χαρισμα). Late N.T. word (in late papyri) from χαριζομα, to give graciously. It is used here by Peter as one of the gifts of the Holy Spirit (1 Corinthians 12:4; 1 Corinthians 12:9; 1 Corinthians 12:29-31; Romans 12:6).MINISTERING (διακονουντες). Present active participle plural of διακον... [ Continue Reading ]
IF ANY MAN SPEAKETH (ε τις λαλε). Condition of first class, assumed as a fact.SPEAKING AS IT WERE ORACLES OF GOD (ως λογια θεου). No predicate in this conclusion of the condition. For λογια θεου see Acts 7:38 (Mosaic law); Romans 3:2 (the Old Testament); Hebrews 5:12 (the substance of Christian... [ Continue Reading ]
THINK IT NOT STRANGE (μη ξενιζεσθε). Prohibition with μη and the present passive imperative of ξενιζω, for which verb see 1 Peter 4:4. "Be not amazed."CONCERNING THE FIERY TRIAL AMONG YOU (τε εν υμιν πυρωσε). Instrumental case, "by the among you burning," metaphorical sense of old word (since Ar... [ Continue Reading ]
INASMUCH (καθο). "In so far forth as" ("according to which thing"), old conjunction, in N.T. only here and 2 Corinthians 8:12; Romans 8:26.YE ARE PARTAKERS OF (κοινωνειτε). Present active indicative of κοινωνεω, old verb (from κοινωνος, partner), to share in either with genitive (Hebrews 2:14)... [ Continue Reading ]
IF YE ARE REPROACHED (ε ονειδιζεσθε). Condition of first class assumed as true with ε and present passive indicative of ονειδιζω, for which verb see James 1:5.FOR THE NAME OF CHRIST (εν ονοματ Χριστου). "In the matter of the name of Christ." For the idea see Matthew 5:11; Matthew 19:29; Acts 5:4... [ Continue Reading ]
LET NO ONE OF YOU SUFFER (μη τις υμων πασχετω). Prohibition with μη and present active imperative (habit prohibited).AS (ως). Charged as and being so. Two specific crimes (murderer, thief) and one general phrase (κακοποιος, evildoer, 1 Peter 2:12; 1 Peter 2:14), and one unusual term αλλοτριεπισχ... [ Continue Reading ]
BUT IF AS A CHRISTIAN (ε δε ως Χριστιανος). Supply the verb πασχε (condition of first class, "if one suffer as a Christian"). This word occurs only three times in the N.T. (Acts 11:26; Acts 26:28; 1 Peter 4:16). It is word of Latin formation coined to distinguish followers of Christ from Jews and... [ Continue Reading ]
FOR THE TIME IS COME (οτ ο καιρος). No predicate, probably εστιν (is) to be supplied. The phrase that follows comes from the vision of Ezekiel (chapter 1 Peter 4:9). The construction is unusual with του αρξασθα (genitive articular aorist middle infinitive of αρχω), not exactly purpose or result,... [ Continue Reading ]
AND IF THE RIGHTEOUS IS SCARCELY SAVED (κα ε ο δικαιος μολις σωζετα). First-class condition again with ε and present passive indicative of σωζω. Quotation from Proverbs 11:31. See 1 Peter 3:12; 1 Peter 3:14; Matthew 5:20. But the Christian is not saved by his own righteousness (Philippians 3:9; Re... [ Continue Reading ]
WHEREFORE (ωστε). Picking up the thread of consolation again (Bigg).COMMIT THEIR SOULS (παρατιθεσθωσαν τας ψυχας). Present (continuous) middle imperative third plural of παρατιθημ, old word, a banking figure, to deposit, as in 1 Timothy 1:18; 2 Timothy 2:2, the word used by Jesus as he died (Lu... [ Continue Reading ]