ACCORDING TO THE COMMANDMENT (κατ' επιταγην). A late _Koine_ word (Polybius, Diodorus), but a Pauline word also in N.T. This very idiom ("by way of command") in 1 Corinthians 7:6; 2 Corinthians 8:8; Romans 16:26; 1 Timothy 1:1; Titus 1:3. Paul means to say that he is an apostle under orders.OF GO... [ Continue Reading ]
TRUE (γνησιω). Legitimate, not spurious. Old word from γινομα, but Pauline only in N.T. (Philippians 4:3; 2 Corinthians 8:8; Titus 1:4). In Philippians 2:20 the adverb γνησιως occurs and of Timothy again.CHRIST JESUS (Χριστου Ιησου). So twice already in verse 1 Timothy 1:1 and as usual in the l... [ Continue Reading ]
AS I EXHORTED (καθως παρεκαλεσα). There is an ellipse of the principal clause in verse 1 Timothy 1:4 ( SO DO I NOW not being in the Greek).TO TARRY (προσμεινα). First aorist active infinitive of προσμενω, old verb, attributed by Luke to Paul in Acts 13:43.THAT THOU MIGHTEST CHARGE (ινα παραγγε... [ Continue Reading ]
TO GIVE HEED (προσεχειν). With νουν understood. Old and common idiom in N.T. especially in Luke and Acts (Acts 8:10). Not in Paul's earlier Epistles. 1 Timothy 3:8; 1 Timothy 4:1; 1 Timothy 4:13; Titus 1:14.TO FABLES (μυθοις). Dative case of old word for speech, narrative, story, fiction, falseh... [ Continue Reading ]
THE END (το τελος). See Romans 6:21; Romans 10:4 for τελος (the good aimed at, reached, result, end).LOVE (αγαπη). Not "questionings." Romans 13:9. "Three conditions for the growth of love" (Parry): "Out of a pure heart" (εκ καθαρας καρδιας, O.T. conception), "and a good conscience" (κα συνειδη... [ Continue Reading ]
HAVING SWERVED (αστοχησαντες). First aorist active participle of αστοχεω, compound _Koine_ verb (Polybius, Plutarch) from αστοχος (α privative and στοχος, a mark), "having missed the mark." In N.T. only here, 1 Timothy 6:21; 2 Timothy 2:18. With the ablative case ων (which).HAVE TURNED ASIDE (εξ... [ Continue Reading ]
TEACHERS OF THE LAW (νομοδιδασκαλο). Compound only in N.T. (here, Luke 5:17; Acts 5:34) and ecclesiastical writers.THOUGH THEY UNDERSTAND (νοουντες). Concessive participle of νοεω, old verb (Ephesians 3:4; Ephesians 3:20).NEITHER WHAT (μητε α). Relative α (which things).NOR WHEREOF (μητε πε... [ Continue Reading ]
IF A MAN USE IT LAWFULLY (εαν τις αυτω χρητα). Condition of third class with εαν and present middle subjunctive of χραομα with instrumental case.... [ Continue Reading ]
IS NOT MADE FOR (ου κειτα). The use of κειτα for τεθειτα (perfect passive of τιθημ) is a common enough idiom. See the same point about law in 1 Timothy 1:18-23; Romans 13:13. For "knowing this" (ειδως τουτο) see Ephesians 5:5.UNRULY (ανυποτακτοις). Dative (like all these words) of the late verb... [ Continue Reading ]
FOR ABUSERS OF THEMSELVES WITH MEN (αρσενοκοιταις). Late compound for sodomites. In N.T. only here and 1 Corinthians 6:9.MEN-STEALERS (ανδραποδισταις). Old word from ανδραποδιζω (from ανηρ, man, πους, foot, to catch by the foot), to enslave. So enslavers, whether kidnappers (men-stealers) of fr... [ Continue Reading ]
OF THE BLESSED GOD (του μακαριου θεου). Applied to God only here and 1 Timothy 6:15, but in Titus 2:13 μακαριος occurs with ελπις (hope) of the "epiphany of our great God and Saviour Jesus Christ."WHICH WAS COMMITTED TO MY TRUST (ο επιστευθην εγω). "with which (ο accusative retained with first... [ Continue Reading ]
I THANK (χαριν εχω). "I have gratitude to." Common phrase (Luke 17:9), not elsewhere in Paul.THAT ENABLED ME (τω ενδυναμωσαντ με). First aorist active articular participle of ενδυναμοω. Late verb, but regular Pauline idiom (Romans 4:20; Philippians 4:13; Ephesians 6:10; 1 Timothy 1:12; 2 Timoth... [ Continue Reading ]
BEFORE (το προτερον). Accusative of general reference of the articular comparative, "as to the former-time," formerly, as in Galatians 4:13.THOUGH I WAS (οντα). Concessive participle agreeing with με.BLASPHEMER (βλασφημον). Old word either from βλαξ (stupid) and φημη, speech, or from βλαπτω,... [ Continue Reading ]
ABOUNDED EXCEEDINGLY (υπερεπλεονασεν). Aorist active indicative of the late and rare (Song of Solomon 5:19 and in Herond.) compound υπερπλεοναζω (here alone in N.T.), in later ecclesiastical writers. The simplex πλεοναζω Paul used in Romans 5:20; Romans 6:1 and the kindred υπερεπερισσευσεν used a... [ Continue Reading ]
FAITHFUL IS THE SAYING (πιστος ο λογος). Five times in the Pastorals (1 Timothy 1:15; 1 Timothy 3:1; 1 Timothy 4:9; Titus 3:8; 2 Timothy 2:11). It will pay to note carefully πιστισ, πιστευω, πιστος. Same use of πιστος (trustworthy) applied to λογος in Titus 1:9; Revelation 21:5; Revelation 22:6... [ Continue Reading ]
IN ME AS CHIEF (εν εμο πρωτω). Probably starts with the same sense of πρωτος as in verse 1 Timothy 1:15 (rank), but turns to order (first in line). Paul becomes the "specimen" sinner as an encouragement to all who come after him.MIGHT SHEW FORTH (ενδειξητα). First aorist middle subjunctive (pur... [ Continue Reading ]
This noble doxology is a burst of gratitude for God's grace to Paul. For other doxologies see Galatians 1:5; Romans 11:36; Romans 16:27; Philippians 4:20; Ephesians 3:21; 1 Timothy 6:16. White suggests that Paul may have often used this doxology in his prayers. Lock suggests "a Jewish liturgical for... [ Continue Reading ]
I COMMIT (παρατιθεμα). Present middle indicative of old and common verb, to place beside (παρα) as food on table, in the middle to entrust (Luke 12:48) and used by Jesus as he was dying (Luke 23:46). Here it is a banking figure and repeated in 2 Timothy 2:2.ACCORDING TO THE PROPHECIES WHICH WENT... [ Continue Reading ]
HOLDING FAITH AND A GOOD CONSCIENCE (εχων πιστιν κα αγαθην συνειδησιν). Possibly as a shield (Ephesians 6:16) or at any rate possessing (Romans 2:20) faith as trust and a good conscience. A leader expects them of his followers and must show them himself.HAVING THRUST FROM THEM (απωσαμενο). Firs... [ Continue Reading ]
HYMENAEUS (Hυμεναιος). The same heretic reappears in 2 Timothy 2:17. He and Alexander are the chief "wreckers" of faith in Ephesus.ALEXANDER (Αλεξανδρος). Probably the same as the one in 2 Timothy 4:14, but not the Jew of that name in Acts 19:33, unless he had become a Christian since then.I DE... [ Continue Reading ]