REBUKE NOT AN ELDER (πρεσβυτερω μη επιπληξηις). Dative case πρεσβυτερω used in the usual sense of an older man, not a minister (bishop as in 1 Timothy 3:2) as is shown by "as a father." First aorist (ingressive) active subjunctive with negative μη (prohibition against committing the act) of επιπλ... [ Continue Reading ]
THE ELDER WOMEN AS MOTHERS (πρεσβυτερας ως μητερας). Anarthrous again, "older women as mothers." Respect and reverence once more.THE YOUNGER AS SISTERS, IN ALL PURITY (νεωτερας ως αδελφας εν παση αγνια). Anarthrous also and comparative form as in verse 1 Timothy 5:1. See 1 Timothy 4:12 for αγνι... [ Continue Reading ]
THAT ARE WIDOWS INDEED (τας οντως χηρας). For οντως (actually, really), see Luke 23:47; 1 Corinthians 14:25; and verse 1 Timothy 5:5. For widows (χηρα) see Mark 12:40; Mark 12:42; Acts 6:1; 1 Corinthians 7:8. Parry notes that in verses 1 Timothy 5:3-8 Paul discusses widows who are in dis... [ Continue Reading ]
GRANDCHILDREN (εκγονα). Old word from εκγινομα, here only in N.T.LET THEM LEARN (μανθανετωσαν). The children and grandchildren of a widow. Present active imperative third person plural of μανθανω. "Let them keep on learning."FIRST (πρωτον). Adverb, first before anything else. No "corban" busi... [ Continue Reading ]
DESOLATE (μεμονωμενη). Perfect passive participle of μονοω (from μονος), "left alone," old verb, here alone in N.T. Without husband, children, or other close kin.HATH HER HOPE SET ON GOD (ηλπικεν επ θεον). Perfect active indicative of ελπιζω, "hath placed her hope (and keeps it) on God." Text d... [ Continue Reading ]
SHE THAT GIVETH HERSELF TO PLEASURE (η σπαταλωσα). Present active participle of σπλαταλαω, late verb (Polybius) from σπαταλη (riotous, luxurious living). In N.T. only here and James 5:5.... [ Continue Reading ]
THAT THEY MAY BE WITHOUT REPROACH (ινα ανεπιλημπτο ωσιν). See 1 Timothy 3:2 for ανεπιλημπτος. Final clause with ινα and present subjunctive.... [ Continue Reading ]
PROVIDETH NOT FOR HIS OWN (των ιδιων ου προνοε). Condition of first class with ε and present active (or middle προνοειτα) indicative of προνοεω, old verb, to think beforehand. Pauline word in N.T. only here, 2 Corinthians 8:21; Romans 12:7. With genitive case.HE HATH DENIED THE FAITH (την πιστι... [ Continue Reading ]
LET NONE BE ENROLLED AS A WIDOW (χηρα καταλεγεσθω). Present passive imperative of καταλεγω, old verb, to set down in an official list, only here in N.T. "Let a widow be enrolled," the negative coming later, "having become of no less than sixty years" (μη ελαττον ετων εξηκοντα γεγονυια). Second pe... [ Continue Reading ]
IF SHE HATH BROUGHT UP CHILDREN (ε ετεκνοτροφησεν). Condition of first class. Late and rare word (Aristotle, Epictetus), first aorist active indicative of τεκνοτροφεω (τεκνοτροφος, from τεκνον, τρεφω), here only in N.T. Qualification for her work as leader.IF SHE HATH USED HOSPITALITY TO STRANGER... [ Continue Reading ]
BUT YOUNGER WIDOWS REFUSE (νεωτερας δε χηρας παραιτου). Present middle imperative as in 1 Timothy 4:7. "Beg off from." They lack experience as above and they have other ambitions.WHEN THEY HAVE WAXED WANTON (οταν καταστρηνιασωσιν). First aorist (ingressive) active subjunctive of καταστρηνιαω, l... [ Continue Reading ]
CONDEMNATION (κριμα). See 1 Timothy 3:6.THEY HAVE REJECTED (ηθετησαν). First aorist passive of αθετεω, late verb (first in LXX and Polybius), to reject, set aside (from αθετος). See 1 Thessalonians 4:8; Galatians 2:21.THEIR FIRST FAITH (την πρωτην πιστιν). "Their first pledge" (promise, contr... [ Continue Reading ]
AND WITHAL (αμα δε κα). See Philemon 1:22 for this very phrase, "and at the same time also." Such young enrolled widows have other perils also.THEY LEARN TO BE IDLE (αργα μανθανουσιν). There is no εινα (to be) in the Greek. This very idiom without εινα after μανθανω occurs in Plato and Dio Chry... [ Continue Reading ]
I DESIRE (βουλομα). See 1 Timothy 2:8.THE YOUNGER WIDOWS (νεωτερας). No article and no word for widows, though that is clearly the idea. Νεωτερας is accusative of general reference with γαμειν (to marry) the object (present infinitive active) of βουλομα.BEAR CHILDREN (τεκνογονειν). A compound... [ Continue Reading ]
ARE TURNED ASIDE (εξετραπησαν). Second aorist (effective) passive indicative of εκτρεπω. See 1 Timothy 1:6.AFTER SATAN (οπισω του Σατανα). "Behind Satan." Late use of οπισω (behind) as a preposition. Used by Jesus of disciples coming behind (after) him (Matthew 16:24).... [ Continue Reading ]
THAT BELIEVETH (πιστη). "Believing woman."HATH WIDOWS (εχε χηρας). The "any believing woman" is one of the household-rulers of verse 1 Timothy 5:14. The "widows" here are the widows dependent on her and who are considered as candidates to be enrolled in the list.LET HER RELIEVE THEM (επαρκειτ... [ Continue Reading ]
THE ELDERS THAT RULE WELL (ο καλως προεστωτες πρεσβυτερο). See verse 1 Timothy 5:1 for ordinary sense of πρεσβυτερος for "older man." But here of position in same sense as επισκοπος (1 Timothy 3:2) as in Titus 1:5 = επισκοπος in verse 1 Timothy 5:7. Cf. Luke's use of πρεσβυτερος (Acts 20:17) = Pau... [ Continue Reading ]
THOU SHALT NOT MUZZLE (ου φιμωσεις). Prohibition by ου and future (volitive) indicative of φιμοω (from φιμος, muzzle), old word, quoted also in 1 Corinthians 9:9 as here from Deuteronomy 25:4, and for the same purpose, to show the preacher's right to pay for his work. See 1 Corinthians 9:9 for αλ... [ Continue Reading ]
AGAINST AN ELDER (κατα πρεσβυτερου). In the official sense of verses 1 Timothy 5:17.RECEIVE NOT (μη παραδεχου). Present middle imperative with μη (prohibition) of παραδεχομα, to receive, to entertain. Old verb. See Acts 22:18.ACCUSATION (κατηγοριαν). Old word (from κατηγορος). In N.T. only he... [ Continue Reading ]
THEM THAT SIN (τους αμαρτανοντας). The elders who continue to sin (present active participle).IN THE SIGHT OF ALL (ενωπιον παντων). "In the eye of (ο εν οπ ων, the one who is in the eye of, then combined = ενωπιον) all" the elders (or even of the church). See next verse 1 Timothy 5:21 and Galat... [ Continue Reading ]
THE ELECT ANGELS (των εκλεκτων αγγελων). For this triad of God, Christ, angels, see Luke 9:26. "Elect" in the sense of the "holy" angels who kept their own principality (Judges 1:6) and who did not sin (2 Peter 2:4). Paul shows his interest in angels in 1 Corinthians 4:9; 1 Corinthians 11:10.OBSE... [ Continue Reading ]
LAY HANDS HASTILY (χειρας ταχεως επιτιθε). Present active imperative of επιτιθημ in the sense of approval (ordination) as in Acts 6:6; Acts 13:3. But it is not clear whether it is the case of ministers just ordained as in 1 Timothy 4:14 (επιθεσις), or of warning against hasty ordination of untrie... [ Continue Reading ]
BE NO LONGER A DRINKER OF WATER (μηκετ υδροποτε). Present active imperative (prohibition) of υδροποτεω, old verb (from υδροποτης, water drinker, υδωρ, πινω), here only in N.T. Not complete asceticism, but only the need of some wine urged in Timothy's peculiar physical condition (a sort of medical... [ Continue Reading ]
EVIDENT (προδηλο). "Openly plain," "plain before all." Old word, in N.T. only here and Hebrews 7:24.GOING BEFORE UNTO JUDGMENT (προαγουσα εις κρισιν). See 1 Timothy 1:18 for προαγω. The sins are so plain that they receive instant condemnation.AND SOME MEN ALSO THEY FOLLOW AFTER (τισιν δε κα ε... [ Continue Reading ]
SUCH AS ARE OTHERWISE (τα αλλως εχοντα). "Those (deeds, εργα) which have it otherwise." That is good deeds not clearly manifest.CANNOT BE HID (κρυβηνα ου δυναντα). Second aorist passive infinitive of κρυπτω. There is comfort here for modest preachers and other believers whose good deeds are not... [ Continue Reading ]