AND TIMOTHY (κα Τιμοθεος). Timothy is with Paul, having been sent on to Macedonia from Ephesus (Acts 19:22). He is in no sense co-author any more than Sosthenes was in 1 Corinthians 1:1.IN ALL ACHAIA (εν ολη τη Αχαια). The Romans divided Greece into two provinces (Achaia and Macedonia). Macedoni... [ Continue Reading ]
Identical with 1 Corinthians 1:3 which see.... [ Continue Reading ]
BLESSED (ευλογητος). From old verb ευλογεω, to speak well of, but late verbal in LXX and Philo. Used of men in Genesis 24:31, but only of God in N.T. as in Luke 1:68 and chiefly in Paul (2 Corinthians 11:31; Romans 1:25). Paul has no thanksgiving or prayer as in 1 Corinthians 1:4-9, but he finds... [ Continue Reading ]
IN ALL OUR AFFLICTION (επ παση τη θλιψε ημων). Θλιψις is from θλιβω, to press, old and common word, as tribulation is from Latin _tribulum_ (roller). See on Matthew 13:21 and 1 Thessalonians 1:6. The English affliction is Latin _afflictio_ from _ad-fligere_, to strike on.THAT WE MAY BE ABLE TO CO... [ Continue Reading ]
THE SUFFERINGS OF CHRIST (τα παθηματα του Χριστου). Subjective genitive, Christ's own sufferings.ABOUND UNTO US (περισσευε εις ημας). Overflow unto us so that we suffer like sufferings and become fellow sufferers with Christ (2 Corinthians 4:10; Romans 8:17; Philippians 3:10; Colossians 1:24).T... [ Continue Reading ]
WHETHER (ειτε)--OR (ειτε). The alternatives in Paul's experience (afflicted θλιβομεθα, comforted παρακαλουμεθα) work out for their good when they are called on to endure like sufferings "which we also suffer" (ων κα ημεις πασχομεν). The relative ων is attracted from neuter accusative plural α t... [ Continue Reading ]
OUR HOPE FOR YOU (η ελπις ημων υπερ υμων). The old word ελπις, from ελπιζω, to hope, has the idea of waiting with expectation and patience. So here it is "steadfast" (βεβαια, stable, fast, from βαινω, to plant the feet down).PARTAKERS (κοινωνο). Partners as in Luke 5:10.... [ Continue Reading ]
CONCERNING OUR AFFLICTION (υπερ της θλιψεως ημων). Manuscripts read also περ for in the _Koine_ υπερ (over) often has the idea of περ (around). Paul has laid down his philosophy of afflictions and now he cites a specific illustration in his own recent experience.IN ASIA (εν Ασια). Probably in Ep... [ Continue Reading ]
YEA (αλλα). Confirmatory use as in 2 Corinthians 7:11, rather than adversative.THE ANSWER OF DEATH (το αποκριμα του θανατου) This late word from αποκρινομα, to reply, occurs nowhere else in N.T., but is in Josephus, Polybius, inscriptions and papyri (Deissmann, _Bible Studies_, p. 257; Moulton... [ Continue Reading ]
OUT OF SO GREAT A DEATH (εκ τηλικουτου θανατου). He had considered himself as good as dead.DELIVERED (ερυσατο)--WILL DELIVER (ρυσετα). Old verb ρυω, middle, ρυομα, draw oneself, as out of a pit, rescue. So Paul faces death without fear.ON WHOM WE HAVE SET OUR HOPE (εις ον ηλπικαμεν). Perfec... [ Continue Reading ]
YE ALSO HELPING TOGETHER ON OUR BEHALF (συνυπουργουντων κα υμων υπερ ημων). Genitive absolute with present active participle of late compound verb (συν and υπουργεω for υπο and εργον). Paul relied on God and felt the need of the prayer of God's people.BY MEANS OF MANY (εκ πολλων προσωπων). Προσω... [ Continue Reading ]
GLORYING (καυχησις). Act of glorying, while in verse 2 Corinthians 1:14 καυχημα is the thing boasted of.THE TESTIMONY OF OUR CONSCIENCE (το μαρτυριον της συνειδησεως ημων). In apposition with καυχησις.SINCERITY OF GOD (ειλικρινεια του θεου). Like δικαιοσυνη θεου (Romans 1:17; Romans 3:21), th... [ Continue Reading ]
THAN WHAT YE READ (αλλ' η α αναγινωσκετε). Note comparative conjunction η (than) after αλλ' and that after αλλα (other things, same word in reality), "other than." Read in Greek (αναγινωσκω) is knowing again, recognizing. See on Acts 8:30.OR EVEN ACKNOWLEDGE (η κα επιγινωσκετε). Paul is fond of... [ Continue Reading ]
AS ALSO YE DID ACKNOWLEDGE US IN PART (καθως κα επεγνωτε ημας απο μερους). Gracious acknowledgment (second aorist active indicative of επιγνωσκω) to the original Pauline party (1 Corinthians 1:12; 1 Corinthians 3:4) that he had seemed to care so little for them. And now in his hour of victory he... [ Continue Reading ]
CONFIDENCE (πεποιθησε). This late word (LXX Philo, Josephus) is condemned by the Atticists, but Paul uses it a half dozen times (2 Corinthians 3:4 also).I WAS MINDED TO COME (εβουλομην ελθειν). Imperfect, I was wishing to come, picturing his former state of mind.BEFORE UNTO YOU (προτερον προς... [ Continue Reading ]
AND AGAIN (κα παλιν). This would have been the second benefit or joy. But he changed his plans and did not make that trip directly to Corinth, but came on to Macedonia first (Acts 19:21; Acts 20:1; 1 Corinthians 16:2; 2 Corinthians 2:12).TO BE SET FORWARD BY YOU (υφ' υμων προπεμφθηνα). First aor... [ Continue Reading ]
DID I SHEW FICKLENESS? (μητ αρα τη ελαφριαι?). An indignant negative answer is called for by μητ. The instrumental case of ελαφρια is regular after εχρησαμην from χραομα, to use. Ελαφρια is a late word for levity from the old adjective, ελαφρος, light, agile (2 Corinthians 10:17; Matthew 11:30).... [ Continue Reading ]
IS NOT YEA AND NAY (ουκ εστιν να κα ου). He is not a Yes and No man, saying Yes and meaning or acting No. Paul calls God to witness on this point.... [ Continue Reading ]
WAS NOT YEA AND NAY (ουκ εγενετο να κα ου). "Did not become Yes and No."BUT IN HIM IS YEA (αλλα Να εν αυτω γεγονεν). Rather, "But in him Yes has become yes," has proved true. So Paul appeals to the life of Christ to sustain his own veracity.... [ Continue Reading ]
IN HIM IS THE YEA (εν αυτω το Να). Supply γεγονεν from the preceding sentence, "In him was the Yea come true." This applies to all God's promises.THE AMEN (το Αμην). In public worship (1 Corinthians 14:16).... [ Continue Reading ]
ESTABLISHES (βεβαιων). Present active participle from βεβαιος, firm. An apt metaphor in Corinth where confirmation of a bargain often took place (βεβαιωσις) as Deissmann shows (_Bible Studies_, p. 109) and as verse 2 Corinthians 1:22 makes plain.ANOINTED (χρισας). From χριω, to anoint, old verb... [ Continue Reading ]
SEALED US (σφραγισαμενος ημας). From σφραγιζω old verb, common in LXX and papyri for setting a seal to prevent opening (Daniel 6:17), in place of signature (1 Kings 21:18). Papyri examples show a wide legal use to give validity to documents, to guarantee genuineness of articles as sealing sacks a... [ Continue Reading ]
BUT I CALL GOD FOR A WITNESS UPON MY SOUL (Εγω δε μαρτυρα τον θεον επικαλουμα επ την εμην ψυχην). Solemn attestation, "calling heaven to witness is frequent in literature from Homer onwards" (Plummer). Thus God is described above (cf. 1 Thessalonians 2:5; 1 Thessalonians 2:10; Romans 1:9; Galatia... [ Continue Reading ]
WE HAVE LORDSHIP OVER (κυριευομεν). Old verb from κυριος, to be lord of or over. See Luke 22:25.HELPERS OF YOUR JOY (συνεργο της χαρας υμων). Co-workers (1 Corinthians 3:8) in your joy. A delicate correction to present misapprehension (επανορθωσις).... [ Continue Reading ]