THAT YE SHOULD NOT BE MADE TO STUMBLE (ινα μη σκανδαλισθητε). Purpose clause with negative μη and first aorist passive of σκανδαλιζω, common verb in the Synoptics (Matthew 13:21) "the σκανδαλα of faith, the stumblingblocks which trip up a disciple" (Bernard), in John only John 6:61 and here (cf.... [ Continue Reading ]
THEY SHALL PUT YOU OUT OF THE SYNAGOGUES (αποσυναγωγους ποιησουσιν υμας). "They will make you outcasts from the synagogues." Predicate accusative of the compound adjective αποσυναγωγος for which see John 9:22; John 12:42.YEA (αλλ'). Use of αλλα as co-ordinating conjunction, not adversative.THAT... [ Continue Reading ]
BECAUSE (οτ). Definite reason for the religious hatred is ignorance of God and Christ as in John 15:21.... [ Continue Reading ]
HAVE I SPOKEN (λελαληκα). Perfect active indicative as in John 15:11; John 16:1. Solemn repetition.WHEN THEIR HOUR IS COME (οταν ελθη η ωρα αυτων). Indefinite temporal clause, οταν with the second aorist active subjunctive of ερχομα, "whenever their hour comes." The time appointed for these thi... [ Continue Reading ]
AND NONE OF YOU ASKETH ME (κα ουδεις εξ υμων ερωτα με). Adversative use of κα="and yet" as in John 1:10. Now that they realize that Jesus is going, the thoughts of the disciples turn on themselves and they cease asking the query of Peter (John 13:36).... [ Continue Reading ]
SORROW HATH FILLED (η λυπη πεπληρωκεν). This word is not used of Jesus in the Gospels, in John only in this chapter. Perfect active indicative of πληροω. They do not see their way to go on without Jesus.... [ Continue Reading ]
IT IS EXPEDIENT FOR YOU (συμφερε υμιν). Present active indicative of συμφερω, old verb to bear together. See John 11:50 where the phrase is used by Caiaphas "for us," here "for you" (υμιν ethical dative).THAT I GO AWAY (ινα εγω απελθω). Subject clause the subject of συμφερε, ινα and second aori... [ Continue Reading ]
AND HE (κα εκεινος). Emphatic demonstrative masculine pronoun.WHEN HE IS COME (ελθων). Second aorist active participle of ερχομα, "having come" or "coming."WILL CONVICT THE WORLD (ελεγξε τον κοσμον). Future active of ελεγχω, old word for confuting, convicting by proof already in John 3:29; Jo... [ Continue Reading ]
BECAUSE THEY BELIEVE NOT ON ME (οτ ου πιστευουσιν εις εμε). Without this conviction by the Paraclete such men actually have a pride of intellectual superiority in refusing to believe on Jesus.... [ Continue Reading ]
AND YE BEHOLD ME NO MORE (κα ουκετ θεωρειτε με). With the bodily eyes and without the Holy Spirit they are unable to behold Jesus with the spiritual vision (John 14:19). Without Christ they lose the sense of righteousness as is seen in the "new morals" (immorality, loose views of marriage, etc.).... [ Continue Reading ]
BECAUSE THE PRINCE OF THIS WORLD HATH BEEN JUDGED (οτ ο αρχων του κοσμου τουτου κεκριτα). Cf. John 12:31; John 14:31 for the title. Perfect passive indicative of κρινω. He stands condemned. The sinful world is in his grip, but he will be cast out (John 12:31).... [ Continue Reading ]
BUT YE CANNOT BEAR THEM NOW (αλλ' ου δυνασθε βασταζειν αρτ). The literal sense of βασταζω, to bear, occurs in John 12:6. For the figurative as here see Acts 15:10. The untaught cannot get the full benefit of teaching (1 Corinthians 3:1; Hebrews 5:11-14). The progressive nature of revelation is a... [ Continue Reading ]
HOWBEIT (δε). One of the most delicate and difficult particles to translate, varying from "and" to "but."WHEN HE, THE SPIRIT OF TRUTH, IS COME (οταν ελθη εκεινοσ, το πνευμα της αληθειας). Indefinite relative clause (οταν and the second aorist active subjunctive of ερχομα, no _futurum exactum_),... [ Continue Reading ]
HE SHALL GLORIFY ME (εκεινος εμε δοξασε). This is the glory of the Holy Spirit, to glorify Jesus Christ.FOR HE SHALL TAKE OF MINE (οτ εκ του εμου λημψετα). Future middle of λαμβανω and a definite promise of the Spirit's guidance in interpreting Christ. One need only refer to Peter's sermon at p... [ Continue Reading ]
THEREFORE SAID I (δια τουτο ειπον). Jesus explains how and why the Holy Spirit can and will reveal to the disciples what they need to know further concerning him. They had failed so far to understand Christ's words about his death and resurrection. The Holy Spirit as Guide and Teacher will teach... [ Continue Reading ]
A LITTLE WHILE (μικρον). The brief period now till Christ's death as in John 7:33; John 13:33; John 14:19.AGAIN A LITTLE WHILE (παλιν μικρον). The period between the death and the resurrection of Jesus (from Friday afternoon till Sunday morning).YE SHALL SEE ME (οψεσθε με). Future middle of ο... [ Continue Reading ]
SOME OF THE DISCIPLES (εκ των μαθητων αυτου). Ellipsis of time (some) before εκ as in John 7:40. Jesus seemed to contradict himself, for the disciples took both verbs in the same sense and were still puzzled over the going to the Father of John 14:3. But they talk to one another, not to Jesus.... [ Continue Reading ]
WE KNOW NOT WHAT HE SAITH (ουκ οιδαμεν τ λαλε). The questions to Jesus cease and the disciples frankly confess to each other their own ignorance.... [ Continue Reading ]
JESUS PERCEIVED (εγνω Ιησους). Second aorist active indicative of γινωσκω.THAT THEY WERE DESIROUS TO ASK HIM (οτ ηθελον αυτον ερωταιν). Imperfect active tense of θελω in indirect discourse instead of the retention of the present θελουσιν (the usual idiom), just like our English. Their embarrass... [ Continue Reading ]
YE SHALL WEEP AND LAMENT (κλαυσετε κα θρηνησετε). Future active of κλαιω and θρηνεω, both old words (for κλαιω see John 11:31, for θρηνεω see Matthew 11:17), both words used of the loud lamentations so common in the east.SHALL REJOICE (χαρησετα). Second future passive of χαιρω in violent contra... [ Continue Reading ]
A WOMAN (η γυνη). "The woman," any woman.WHEN SHE IS IN TRAVAIL (οταν τικτη). Indefinite temporal clause, "whenever she is about to bear (or give birth)," οταν and present active subjunctive of τικτω, common O.T. image for pain.HER HOUR IS COME (ηλθεν η ωρα αυτης). Second aorist active indica... [ Continue Reading ]
AND YE THEREFORE NOW (κα υμεις ουν νυν). See John 8:38 for like emphasis onYE (υμεις). The "sorrow" (λυπην) is like that of the mother in childbirth (real, but fleeting, with permanent joy following). The metaphor points, of course, to the resurrection of Jesus which did change the grief of the... [ Continue Reading ]
YE SHALL ASK ME NOTHING (εμε ουκ ερωτησετε). Either in the sense of question (original meaning of ερωταω) as in verses John 16:19; John 16:30 since he will be gone or in the sense of request or favours (like αιτεω in this verse) as in John 14:16; Acts 3:2. In verse John 16:26 both αιτεω and ερωτα... [ Continue Reading ]
HITHERTO (εως αρτ). Up till now the disciples had not used Christ's name in prayer to the Father, but after the resurrection of Jesus they are to do so, a distinct plea for parity with the Father and for worship like the Father.MAY BE FULFILLED (η πεπληρωμενη). Periphrastic perfect passive subj... [ Continue Reading ]
IN PROVERBS (εν παροιμιαις). See on John 10:6 for this word.SHALL TELL (απαγγελω). Future active of απαγγελλω, to report, correct text and not αναγγελω (verses John 16:13; John 16:14; John 16:15), as in 1 John 1:2.PLAINLY (παρρησια). See on John 7:13 for this word.... [ Continue Reading ]
I SAY NOT (ου λεγω). "I speak not." Christ did pray for the disciples before his death (John 14:16; John 17:9; John 17:15; John 17:24) and he prays also for sinners (Luke 23:34; 1 John 2:1). Here it is the special love of God for disciples of Jesus (John 14:21; John 14:23;... [ Continue Reading ]
LOVETH (φιλε). Present active indicative of φιλεω, the word for warm and friendly love, here used of God's love for the disciples, while in John 3:16 αγαπαω occurs of God's love for the world.YE HAVE LOVED ME (πεφιληκατε). Perfect active indicative of φιλεω, "loved and still love me warmly."AND... [ Continue Reading ]
I CAME OUT FROM THE FATHER (εξηλθον εκ του πατρος). Definite act (aorist), the Incarnation, with repetition of εκ (out of), while in verse John 16:27 we have παρα του πατρος εξηλθον) with no practical distinction between εκ and παρα in resultant idea.AM COME (εληλυθα). Perfect active indicative... [ Continue Reading ]
NO PROVERB (παροιμιαν ουδεμιαν). No wayside saying, no dark saying. See John 10:6; John 16:25.... [ Continue Reading ]
NOW KNOW WE (νυν οιδαμεν). They had failed to understand the plain words of Jesus about going to the Father heretofore (John 16:5), but Jesus read their very thoughts (John 16:19) and this fact seemed to open their minds to grasp his idea.SHOULD ASK (ερωτα). Present active subjunctive with ινα... [ Continue Reading ]
DO YE NOW BELIEVE? (αρτ πιστευετε;). For αρτ (just now) see John 9:19; John 13:33; John 13:37. Their belief in Christ was genuine _as far as it went_, but perils await them of which they are ignorant. They are too self-confident as their despair at Christ's death shows.... [ Continue Reading ]
COMETH (ερχετα). Futuristic present middle indicative of ερχομα.YEA, IS COME (κα εληλυθεν). Explanatory use of κα and the perfect active indicative as in John 12:23. The long-looked-for hour (ωρα) is so close that it has virtually begun. The time for the arrest of Jesus is near. See also John 1... [ Continue Reading ]
THAT IN ME YE MAY HAVE PEACE (ινα εν εμο ειρηνην εχητε). Present active subjunctive of εχω, "that ye may keep on having peace in me," even when I am put to death, peace to be found nowhere save in me (John 14:27).BE OF GOOD CHEER (θαρσειτε). Imperative active from θαρσος, courage (Acts 28:15).... [ Continue Reading ]